| 摘要 | 第4-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第9-14页 |
| 1.1 Definition of Key Terms | 第11-14页 |
| 2 Literature Review | 第14-43页 |
| 2.1 Malawi Government Education Policy Frameworks | 第15-19页 |
| 2.2 The Classroom | 第19-20页 |
| 2.3 Positive Psychology Optimism Theory on Teachers | 第20-21页 |
| 2.4 Teachers' Sense of Self Efficacy | 第21-22页 |
| 2.5 The Rural Situation | 第22-26页 |
| 2.5.1 Schools in Rural Areas at Risk | 第22页 |
| 2.5.2 Factors affecting Teacher Attitudes in Rural Areas | 第22-26页 |
| 2.6 Attrition | 第26-31页 |
| 2.6.1 Teacher Attrition | 第26-28页 |
| 2.6.2 Context Reasons for Attrition | 第28-31页 |
| 2.7 Secondary Employment and Absenteeism | 第31-33页 |
| 2.8 HIV and AIDS | 第33-34页 |
| 2.9 Socioeconomic Status | 第34-37页 |
| 2.9.1 The Situation of Teachers in Rural Areas | 第34-35页 |
| 2.9.2 Management and Administration | 第35-36页 |
| 2.9.3 Employee Appraisal | 第36-37页 |
| 2.9.4 Effective Teaching | 第37页 |
| 2.10 Working Conditions | 第37页 |
| 2.11 Low Professional Status of Teaching | 第37-38页 |
| 2.12 Primary School Pupil's Social Economic Status | 第38页 |
| 2.13 Gender and Education in Rural Areas | 第38-41页 |
| 2.13.1 A case of Female Teachers | 第38页 |
| 2.13.2 Role Modeling | 第38-39页 |
| 2.13.3 Gender Equity Policies | 第39-41页 |
| 2.14 The Problem of the Male Teacher | 第41-43页 |
| 2.14.1 Unprofessional Conduct | 第42-43页 |
| 3 Research Methodology | 第43-47页 |
| 3.1 Research Procedure | 第43页 |
| 3.2 Research Participants | 第43-44页 |
| 3.3 Research Instruments | 第44-46页 |
| 3.4 Variables | 第46页 |
| 3.5 Data Analysis | 第46-47页 |
| 4 Results | 第47-52页 |
| 4.1 Descriptive Statistics | 第47页 |
| 4.2 Life Orientation Test Results:The Test of Class Difference | 第47-48页 |
| 4.3 Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale Results:The Test of Group Difference | 第48页 |
| 4.4 Responsibility for Students Achievement Test Results:The Test of Class Difference | 第48-49页 |
| 4.5 Correlations among Life Orientation, Responsibility for Student Achievement, Teacher Sense of Efficiency, and Students Evaluation of Teacher | 第49-50页 |
| 4.6 Regression on Student Evaluation of Teachers' Effectiveness | 第50-52页 |
| 5 Discussion | 第52-60页 |
| 6 Conclusions | 第60-62页 |
| References | 第62-68页 |
| Appendix | 第68-70页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第70页 |
