| ABSTRACT | 第4-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第7-11页 |
| CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION | 第11-17页 |
| 1.1 Background of the research | 第11-12页 |
| 1.2 Significance of the research | 第12-15页 |
| 1.3 Objective of the research | 第15页 |
| 1.4 Structure of the thesis | 第15-17页 |
| CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW | 第17-35页 |
| 2.1 Previous research on the speech act of advising | 第17-24页 |
| 2.1.1 Identifications of the speech act of advising | 第18-20页 |
| 2.1.2 Research concerns of the speech act of advising | 第20-22页 |
| 2.1.3 Research approaches to the speech act of advising | 第22-24页 |
| 2.2 Previous research on political speech act of advising | 第24-30页 |
| 2.2.1 Identification of political speech act of advising | 第24-27页 |
| 2.2.2 Properties of political speech act of advising | 第27-30页 |
| 2.3 Theoretical approaches to the research | 第30-35页 |
| 2.3.1 Pragmalinguistic facet of politeness | 第31-32页 |
| 2.3.2 Sociopragmatic facet of politeness | 第32-35页 |
| CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | 第35-41页 |
| 3.1 Research questions | 第35页 |
| 3.2 Research method | 第35-36页 |
| 3.3 Corpus used | 第36-38页 |
| 3.4 Procedures for data collection and analysis | 第38-41页 |
| CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 第41-74页 |
| 4.1 IFIDs in Chinese and American political speech act of advising | 第41-52页 |
| 4.1.1 IFIDs in Chinese political speech act of advising | 第43-48页 |
| 4.1.2 IFIDs in American political speech act of advising | 第48-52页 |
| 4.2 Strategies in Chinese and American political speech act of advising | 第52-61页 |
| 4.2.1 Similarities in Chinese and American political speech act of advising | 第55-58页 |
| 4.2.2 Differences in Chinese and American political speech act of advising | 第58-61页 |
| 4.3 Underlying causes behind the contrastive results | 第61-74页 |
| 4.3.1 In the pragmalinguistic politeness facet | 第61-68页 |
| 4.3.1.1 Honorific forms | 第62-65页 |
| 4.3.1.2 Modal verbs | 第65-66页 |
| 4.3.1.3 Varied “self” | 第66-68页 |
| 4.3.2 In the sociopragmatic politeness facet | 第68-74页 |
| 4.3.2.1 Vertical distance | 第68-70页 |
| 4.3.2.2 Horizontal distance | 第70-71页 |
| 4.3.2.3 Weightness of the transaction | 第71-74页 |
| CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION | 第74-79页 |
| 5.1 Major Findings | 第74-76页 |
| 5.2 Theoretical and practical implications | 第76-77页 |
| 5.3 Limitations and suggestions for further research | 第77-79页 |
| REFERENCES | 第79-89页 |
