| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-6页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第6-9页 |
| Introduction | 第9-12页 |
| Chapter one Language, Culture, and translation | 第12-20页 |
| ·Language and Culture | 第12-13页 |
| ·Culture and Translation | 第13页 |
| ·Difficulties of Transmitting Culture in Literary Translation | 第13-20页 |
| ·Cultural Gaps and Clashes between Different Cultures | 第14-16页 |
| ·Dilemma of Retaining Cultural Elements and Artistic Value in Literary Translation | 第16-20页 |
| Chapter Two Translatability of Culture and Traditional Translation Strategies for Cultural Elements | 第20-29页 |
| ·Translatability of Culture | 第20-23页 |
| ·Mutual Infiltration of Cultures | 第20-21页 |
| ·The Productivity and Displacement of Languages | 第21-23页 |
| ·Traditional Strategies of Translating Cultural Elements | 第23-29页 |
| ·Domestication | 第23-24页 |
| ·Foreignization | 第24-25页 |
| ·Disputes over Domestication and Foreignization | 第25-26页 |
| ·Limitations of the Dichotomy of Domestication and Foreignization | 第26-29页 |
| Chapter Three The Theory of Multiplicity and Complementarity of Translation Criterion | 第29-34页 |
| ·Multiplicity of Translation Criterion | 第30-32页 |
| ·The System of Translation Criterion | 第32-34页 |
| Chapter Four The Translation of Cultural Elements in Literary Texts | 第34-56页 |
| ·Newmark’s Classification of Functions of Language | 第34-36页 |
| ·The Expressive Function | 第34-35页 |
| ·The Informative Function | 第35页 |
| ·The Vocative Function | 第35-36页 |
| ·The Aesthetic Function | 第36页 |
| ·The Phatic Function and the Metalingual Function | 第36页 |
| ·Functions of Literary Texts | 第36-39页 |
| ·The Aesthetic Function of Literary Texts | 第36-38页 |
| ·The Informative Function of Literary Texts | 第38-39页 |
| ·Functions and Translation of Cultural Elements | 第39-44页 |
| ·The Informative Function of Cultural Elements | 第39-42页 |
| ·The Aesthetic Function of Cultural Elements | 第42-44页 |
| ·Translation of Cultural Elements | 第44-47页 |
| ·Factors Affecting the Translation of Cultural Elements | 第47-56页 |
| ·Purpose of Translation | 第47-50页 |
| ·Translators’Cultural Awareness and Cultural Creativity | 第50-53页 |
| ·Translators' Views on Translation | 第53-56页 |
| Conclusion | 第56-58页 |
| Bibliography | 第58-61页 |
