| Introduction | 第12-14页 |
| Chapter 1 Understanding Context | 第14-20页 |
| 1．1 Context in Language | 第14-16页 |
| 1．1．1 Evidence of Context in Language | 第14-15页 |
| 1．1．2 An Example: Context in Understanding Intent | 第15-16页 |
| 1．2 Context in Translating | 第16-20页 |
| Chapter 2 Apprehending Culture | 第20-29页 |
| 2．1 On Defining Culture | 第20-22页 |
| 2．2 Properties of Culture | 第22-24页 |
| 2．2．1 Culture as an Accumulated Pattern of Values,Beliefs, and Behaviors | 第22页 |
| 2．2．2 Culture as an Identifiable Group of People with a Common History | 第22-23页 |
| 2．2．3 Culture as a Verbal and Nonverbal Symbol System | 第23-24页 |
| 2．3 Cultural Similarities and Differences | 第24-29页 |
| 2．3．1 Universal Similarities and Particular Differences | 第24-26页 |
| 2．3．2 Appreciating Similarities and Accepting Differences | 第26-29页 |
| Chapter 3 Translation in the Context of Culture: Reasons | 第29-38页 |
| 3．1 Three Characteristics of Language | 第29-32页 |
| 3．1．1 Symbolic | 第29-30页 |
| 3．1．2 Contextual | 第30-31页 |
| 3．1．3 Cultural | 第31-32页 |
| 3．2 Language and Culture | 第32-33页 |
| 3．2．1 Language Expressing Cultural Reality | 第32页 |
| 3．2．2 Language Embodying Cultural Reality | 第32-33页 |
| 3．2．3 Language Symbolizing Cultural Reality | 第33页 |
| 3．3 Translating in the Context of Culture | 第33-38页 |
| 3．3．1 Foreign Language and Translation | 第33-35页 |
| 3．3．2 Bridging Cultures | 第35-38页 |
| Chapter 4 Translation in the Context of Culture: Difficulties | 第38-50页 |
| 4．1 Non-Equivalence at Word Level | 第38-44页 |
| 4．1．1 Two Dimensions of Word Meaning | 第39-40页 |
| 4．1．2 Common Cases of Non-Equivalence | 第40-44页 |
| 4．2 Non-Equivalence above Word Level | 第44-50页 |
| 4．2．1 Idioms and Idiomaticity | 第45-46页 |
| 4．2．2 Idioms, Idiomatic Expressions, and the Influences of Culture | 第46-47页 |
| 4．2．3 Difficulties in Translating Idioms and Idiomatic Expressions | 第47-50页 |
| Chapter 5 Translation in the Context of Culture: Strategies | 第50-65页 |
| 5．1 General Principles: Literal Translation and Cultural Translation | 第50-52页 |
| 5．2 Dealing with the Non-Equivalence: Some Specific Methods | 第52-65页 |
| 5．2．1 Translation by Transliteration | 第53-55页 |
| 5．2．2 Translation by Using More General Words | 第55-57页 |
| 5．2．3 Translation by Paraphrase | 第57-58页 |
| 5．2．4 Translation by Cultural Substitution | 第58-60页 |
| 5．2．5 Translation by Making Footnotes | 第60-63页 |
| 5．2．6 Translation by Using the Method of Omission | 第63-65页 |
| Chapter 6 Translation in the Context of Culture: Conclusion | 第65-71页 |
| 6．1 The Cultural Mediator | 第65-67页 |
| 6．2 The Translator | 第67-69页 |
| 6．3 Conclusion | 第69-71页 |
| Bibliography | 第71-73页 |
