| Acknowledgements | 第1-4页 |
| Abstract | 第4-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第5-7页 |
| List of Figures | 第7-8页 |
| List of Tables | 第8-9页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第9-14页 |
| ·Research background | 第9-11页 |
| ·Research significance | 第11-12页 |
| ·Structure of thesis | 第12-14页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review | 第14-28页 |
| ·Problem-Based L2 Learning | 第14-22页 |
| ·Problem-based Learning | 第14-16页 |
| ·Definition and educational objectives of PBLL | 第16-18页 |
| ·Procedures and characteristics of PBLL | 第18-22页 |
| ·Self-negotiation principle | 第22-25页 |
| ·Linguistic output | 第25-28页 |
| Chapter 3 Linguistic Cognition and Output: Self-negotiation Principle at Play | 第28-47页 |
| ·Participants | 第28页 |
| ·Data collection | 第28-29页 |
| ·Data analysis | 第29-47页 |
| ·Individual and collective self-negotiation principles in problem definition | 第29-35页 |
| ·Collective self-negotiation principle in initial solution proposal | 第35-37页 |
| ·Individual self-negotiation principle in self-directed inquiry of evidence | 第37-40页 |
| ·Collective self-negotiation principle in group negotiation of final solution | 第40-42页 |
| ·Collective self-negotiation principle in group presentation and reflection | 第42-47页 |
| Chapter 4 Impact of Self-negotiation on L2 Learners’ Oral Output | 第47-74页 |
| ·Research questions and hypotheses | 第47-48页 |
| ·Research design | 第48-55页 |
| ·Participants | 第48-49页 |
| ·Procedures | 第49-51页 |
| ·Data collection and analysis | 第51-55页 |
| ·Results and discussion | 第55-74页 |
| ·Pre-test | 第55-59页 |
| ·Post-test | 第59-65页 |
| ·Pre-test vs. Post-test | 第65-74页 |
| Chapter 5 Conclusion | 第74-79页 |
| Bibliography | 第79-85页 |
| 附件 | 第85页 |
