| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第5-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-11页 |
| Major Abbreviations | 第11-12页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第12-17页 |
| ·Statement of the problem | 第12-14页 |
| ·Research questions and hypotheses | 第14-15页 |
| ·Significance of the research | 第15-16页 |
| ·Outline of the thesis | 第16-17页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第17-36页 |
| ·Interlanguage pragmatics | 第17-28页 |
| ·Divergence in L2 learners’pragmatic performance | 第18-19页 |
| ·Explicit instruction of pragmatics | 第19-25页 |
| ·Rational | 第19-21页 |
| ·Experimental studies | 第21-24页 |
| ·Interpreting the incongruent results of explicit teaching | 第24-25页 |
| ·Intervening factors in the teaching of pragmatics | 第25-28页 |
| ·Social affective factors | 第26-27页 |
| ·Grammatical competence | 第27-28页 |
| ·Summary | 第28页 |
| ·Assessing scales of L2 learners’speech act competence | 第28-31页 |
| ·The scale of indirectness | 第29-30页 |
| ·The scale of the manipulation of the FTA | 第30-31页 |
| ·Native speakers’pragmatic norm | 第31页 |
| ·Requests | 第31-34页 |
| ·Segmentation of a request | 第32页 |
| ·Request perspectives | 第32-33页 |
| ·Realization strategies of the head act | 第33页 |
| ·Modification devices | 第33-34页 |
| ·Refusals | 第34-35页 |
| ·Refusal strategies | 第34页 |
| ·Refusal adjuncts | 第34-35页 |
| ·Summary | 第35-36页 |
| Chapter Three Explicit Teaching of Requests and Refusals:Methodological Issues | 第36-54页 |
| ·Principles for explicit teaching of pragmatics | 第36-40页 |
| ·Reconsidering the theoretical construct of the development of pragmatic competence | 第36-38页 |
| ·Principles for the explicit teaching approach | 第38-40页 |
| ·A pilot investigation | 第40-53页 |
| ·Introduction | 第41页 |
| ·Modified taxonomy of requests and refusals | 第41-46页 |
| ·Modified taxonomy of requests | 第42-45页 |
| ·Modified taxonomy of refusals | 第45-46页 |
| ·Results of the comparisons | 第46-53页 |
| ·Requests | 第47-50页 |
| ·R efusals | 第50-52页 |
| ·Summary | 第52-53页 |
| ·Summary | 第53-54页 |
| Chapter Four Research Design | 第54-65页 |
| ·Subjects | 第54-56页 |
| ·Teaching material used in the present study | 第56-58页 |
| ·Treatment design | 第58-60页 |
| ·Treatment to the experimental group | 第58-60页 |
| ·Instruction exposed to the control group | 第60页 |
| ·Data collection | 第60-62页 |
| ·Instruments of data collection | 第60-61页 |
| ·Data collection procedure | 第61-62页 |
| ·Data analysis | 第62-64页 |
| ·Summary | 第64-65页 |
| Chapter Five Results and Analysis | 第65-101页 |
| ·Learners’performance of requests | 第65-79页 |
| ·Situational distribution of direct strategies | 第65-68页 |
| ·Employment of preparatory strategies | 第68-72页 |
| ·Overtime difference | 第69-70页 |
| ·Cross-group difference | 第70-72页 |
| ·Choices of request perspectives | 第72-75页 |
| ·Overall distribution | 第72-73页 |
| ·Average employment cases | 第73-75页 |
| ·Usage of bi-clausal requests | 第75-76页 |
| ·Usage of internal lexical mitigators | 第76-78页 |
| ·Summary | 第78-79页 |
| ·Refusals | 第79-88页 |
| ·Distribution of direct refusals | 第79-82页 |
| ·Overall distribution | 第79-81页 |
| ·Average employment cases | 第81-82页 |
| ·Employment of indirect refusals | 第82-85页 |
| ·Usage of alternatives, avoidance, and non--substantive acceptance | 第83-84页 |
| ·Usage of the formula of reason | 第84-85页 |
| ·Employment of adjuncts | 第85-87页 |
| ·Over the situation of ‘free offer’ | 第87页 |
| ·Summary | 第87-88页 |
| ·The written self-report and the structured interview | 第88-91页 |
| ·Written self-report | 第88-90页 |
| ·Structured interview | 第90-91页 |
| ·Influence of learners’integrative motivation | 第91-94页 |
| ·Motivation test | 第91-92页 |
| ·Individual differences and sub-categorization of the EXP group learners | 第92-93页 |
| ·The possible influence of learners’integrative motivation | 第93-94页 |
| ·Influence of learners’sociocultural identity | 第94-98页 |
| ·The sociocultural identity questionnaire | 第94-95页 |
| ·Individual differences and sub-categorization of the EXP group learners | 第95-96页 |
| ·The possible influence of learners’sociocultural identity | 第96-98页 |
| ·Influence of learners’grammatical competence | 第98-100页 |
| ·Summary | 第100-101页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusion | 第101-111页 |
| ·Summary of the research findings | 第101-104页 |
| ·Overtime difference in the EXP group learners’speech act performance | 第101-102页 |
| ·Comparison of the effects of the experimental treatment against the normal teaching | 第102-103页 |
| ·The possible influences of individual factors | 第103-104页 |
| ·Evaluating the effectiveness and limitations of explicit teaching approach | 第104-106页 |
| ·Implications for interlanguage pragmatics researches and L2 instruction | 第106-109页 |
| ·Implications for interlanguage pragmatics researches | 第107-108页 |
| ·Implications for L2 instruction | 第108-109页 |
| ·Limitations of the present study | 第109-110页 |
| ·Recommendation for future investigations | 第110页 |
| ·Summary | 第110-111页 |
| Bibliography | 第111-118页 |
| Appendix A Coding Scheme and Representation of Requests and Refusals | 第118-122页 |
| Appendix B DCTs Used in the Pilot Investigation | 第122-130页 |
| Appendix C Pretest DCT | 第130-133页 |
| Appendix D Posttest DCT | 第133-135页 |
| Appendix E Structured Interview and Self-report | 第135-137页 |
| Appendix F Motivation Test | 第137-139页 |
| Appendix G Sociocultural Identity Questionnaire | 第139-140页 |
| 致谢 | 第140页 |
| 声明 | 第140-141页 |
| 个人简历、在学期间发表的学术论文与研究成果 | 第141页 |
