摘要 | 第1-10页 |
ABSTRACT | 第10-12页 |
Index to Figures | 第12-14页 |
Index to Tables | 第14-16页 |
Index to Formulas | 第16-17页 |
Chapter 1 Perspectives on Early Phonological Acquisition | 第17-23页 |
·Introduction | 第17页 |
·The Relation of Babbling to Early Speech | 第17-19页 |
·The Discontinuity Hypothesis | 第18页 |
·The Continuity Hypothesis | 第18-19页 |
·The Implementation of Change in Phonological Acquisition | 第19-21页 |
·The Across-the-board Fashion | 第19-20页 |
·The Lexical-dependent Fashion | 第20-21页 |
·Summary | 第21-23页 |
Chapter 2 An Overview of Tone and the Acquisition of Tone | 第23-36页 |
·Introduction | 第23页 |
·Tone: A Brief Survey | 第23-26页 |
·The Characteristics of Tone | 第23-24页 |
·The Phonological Representation of Contour Tone | 第24-26页 |
·The Location of Contour Tones | 第24页 |
·The Status of Contour Tones | 第24-26页 |
·Tone in Mandarin | 第26-27页 |
·Tonal Inventories in Mandarin | 第26页 |
·Tone Sandhi in Mandarin | 第26-27页 |
·Previous Studies on Tonal Acquisition | 第27-34页 |
·Review of Previous Studies | 第27-31页 |
·Mandarin | 第27-30页 |
·Cantonese | 第30-31页 |
·Thai | 第31页 |
·Summary of Findings in Previous Studies | 第31-33页 |
·The Early Acquisition of Tone | 第31-32页 |
·Order of the Acquisition of Tonal Inventories | 第32-33页 |
·Tonal Substitution Pattern | 第33页 |
·Limitation of the Previous Studies | 第33-34页 |
·Research Questions and Significance of the Present Study | 第34-35页 |
·Research Questions of the Present Study | 第34-35页 |
·Significance of the Present Study | 第35页 |
·Summary | 第35-36页 |
Chapter 3 Methodology | 第36-41页 |
·Data Collection and Processing | 第36-39页 |
·Subjects | 第36页 |
·Data Collection | 第36-37页 |
·Data Extraction | 第37页 |
·Data Segmentation | 第37-38页 |
·Data Transcription | 第38-39页 |
·Data Analysis | 第39-41页 |
·Data Used for Analyzing the Phonetic Acquisition of Tone | 第39页 |
·Data Used for Analyzing the Phonological Acquisition of Tone | 第39-41页 |
Chapter 4 The Acquisition of Tone: From a Phonetic Aspect | 第41-54页 |
·Introduction | 第41页 |
·The Distribution of Tone Contours in Early Tonal Production | 第41-44页 |
·Selection of Adult Target Words in Early Tonal Production | 第44-46页 |
·Correlation between Syllable Complexity and Tone Contour Complexity | 第46-53页 |
·Syllable and Tone in Tonal Production | 第47-48页 |
·Syllable and Tone in Tonal Errors | 第48-50页 |
·Syllable and Tone in Syllable Errors | 第50-52页 |
·Syllable and Tone in Adult Input | 第52-53页 |
·Summary | 第53-54页 |
Chapter 5 The Acquisition of Tone: From a Phonological Aspect | 第54-78页 |
·Introduction | 第54页 |
·Production Accuracy and Acquisition Order of Mandarin Tones | 第54-56页 |
·Production Accuracy and Acquisition Order of Mandarin Tones: Taking Lexicon into Consideration | 第56-57页 |
·Lexical-Dependency of Early Tonal Acquisition | 第57-73页 |
·Evidence from the Production Accuracy of Lexemes | 第57-66页 |
·Evidence from the Substitution Pattern of Lexemes | 第66-67页 |
·Evidence from the Tonal Developmental Path of Lexemes | 第67-73页 |
·Tonal Substitution Pattern | 第73-77页 |
·Tonal Substitution Pattern in AJR and LSY | 第73-75页 |
·Tonal Substitution Pattern in the Present Study and in the Previous Studies | 第75-77页 |
·Summary | 第77-78页 |
Chapter 6 Discussion | 第78-83页 |
·The Early Mastery of Tone: Re-evaluated | 第78-79页 |
·What Our Data Reveal | 第78页 |
·What the Previous Study Lack | 第78-79页 |
·Lexical-dependent Fashion of Early Tonal Acquisition | 第79-80页 |
·Continuity in Babbling and Early Tonal Acquisition | 第80-81页 |
·Rime-tone Correlation: The Representation of Mandarin Tones in Children | 第81-83页 |
Conclusions | 第83-85页 |
References | 第85-89页 |
Acknowledgements | 第89-92页 |
Appendix A攻读学位期间所发表的学术论文目录 | 第92-93页 |
Appendix B Sample of Transcription | 第93-95页 |
Appendix C Sample Graphs Generated by Lz-score Script | 第95-97页 |
Appendix D Lz-score Script (Excerpt) | 第97-99页 |
Appendix E 详细中文摘要 | 第99-103页 |