| FUNDING INFORMATION | 第1-7页 |
| DEDICATION | 第7-8页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第8-9页 |
| Table of Contents | 第9-13页 |
| List of Figures | 第13-18页 |
| List of Tables | 第18-19页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第19-20页 |
| Abstract | 第20-25页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第25-28页 |
| Chapter 1 General Introduction | 第28-32页 |
| ·Background Information | 第28-31页 |
| ·Project Goals | 第31页 |
| ·Specific Objectives | 第31-32页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review | 第32-65页 |
| ·Folate Biochemistry | 第32-36页 |
| ·Chemical structure and nomenclature | 第32-35页 |
| ·Biochemical properties | 第35-36页 |
| ·Folate Analysis | 第36-44页 |
| ·Sample pretreatment | 第37-43页 |
| ·Stability, inter-conversion and choice of folate standards | 第37-38页 |
| ·Extraction procedure | 第38-41页 |
| ·Deconjugation | 第41-42页 |
| ·Sample purification | 第42-43页 |
| ·Detection systems | 第43-44页 |
| ·UV and fluorescence spectrophotometry | 第43-44页 |
| ·Mass spectrometry | 第44页 |
| ·Nutritional Aspects of Folate | 第44-49页 |
| ·Folates functions | 第44-46页 |
| ·Folates metabolism | 第46-49页 |
| ·Folates absorption | 第46-48页 |
| ·Folate bioavailability | 第48页 |
| ·Recommendations and intake | 第48-49页 |
| ·Health Impacts | 第49-56页 |
| ·Folates deficiency | 第49-56页 |
| ·Folate deficiency in the world | 第50-51页 |
| ·Neural-tube defects in the world | 第51-52页 |
| ·Folate deficiency in China | 第52-54页 |
| ·Neural-tube defects in China | 第54-55页 |
| ·Neural-tube defects caused by folate deficiency in China | 第55-56页 |
| ·Sources of Food Folate | 第56-63页 |
| ·Folate biosynthesis in plant | 第57-60页 |
| ·Synthesis of 6-hydroxymethyldihydropterin | 第57-58页 |
| ·Synthesis of para-aminobenzoic acid | 第58-59页 |
| ·Synthesis of dihydrofolate | 第59页 |
| ·Synthesis of tetrahydrofolate | 第59-60页 |
| ·Distribution of folates during plant development | 第60-63页 |
| ·Folate synthesis increases during germination | 第61-62页 |
| ·Folate synthesis is high in meristematic tissues | 第62页 |
| ·Folate synthesis in leaves is promoted by light | 第62-63页 |
| ·Potential Strategies for Folate Biofortification | 第63-65页 |
| ·Exploiting the natural variation in folate levels | 第63-64页 |
| ·Metabolic engineering | 第64-65页 |
| Chapter 3 Liquid Chromatographic (LC) Determination Method of Folates in LeafyVegetables | 第65-80页 |
| Abstract | 第65-66页 |
| ·Introduction | 第66-68页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第68-72页 |
| ·Chemicals and reagents | 第68页 |
| ·Folate standards | 第68-69页 |
| ·Enzyme preparation | 第69页 |
| ·Sample preparation | 第69-70页 |
| ·Sample cleanup | 第70页 |
| ·LC conditions | 第70-71页 |
| ·Calibration curves, limits of detection, and quantification | 第71页 |
| ·Recovery tests | 第71-72页 |
| ·Results and Discussion | 第72-79页 |
| ·Effects of antioxidant on folate recovery during extraction | 第72页 |
| ·Effect duration of heating at 100℃ on folate recovery during extraction | 第72页 |
| ·Effect of incubation time with folate conjugase on folate recovery during extraction | 第72-73页 |
| ·Effect of extraction buffer volume on folate recovery during extraction | 第73页 |
| ·Effect of the pH on folate recovery during extraction | 第73-74页 |
| ·Comparison of methods for enzyme treatments | 第74-76页 |
| ·Validation of the method | 第76-78页 |
| ·Folates in leafy vegetables | 第78-79页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第79-80页 |
| Chapter 4 Folate Content and Composition of Vegetables Commonly Consumed in China | 第80-93页 |
| Abstract | 第80-81页 |
| ·Introduction | 第81-82页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第82-87页 |
| ·Chemicals and reagents | 第82-83页 |
| ·Vegetable selection and sampling | 第83页 |
| ·Folate standards | 第83-84页 |
| ·Enzyme preparation | 第84页 |
| ·Sample preparation | 第84-85页 |
| ·Sample cleanup | 第85页 |
| ·LC conditions | 第85-86页 |
| ·Calibration curves, limits of detection, and quantification | 第86页 |
| ·Check of accuracy and quality control | 第86-87页 |
| ·Dry matter determination | 第87页 |
| ·Results and Discussion | 第87-92页 |
| ·Folate content and composition in selected Chinese vegetables | 第87-90页 |
| ·Leafy green vegetables | 第87-89页 |
| ·Fruit vegetables | 第89页 |
| ·Root vegetables | 第89-90页 |
| ·Contribution to recommended dietary intake | 第90-92页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第92-93页 |
| Chapter 5 Changes of Folate and Other Potential Health-Promoting Phytochemicals inLegume Seeds As Affected by Germination | 第93-112页 |
| Abstract | 第93-94页 |
| ·Introduction | 第94-95页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第95-101页 |
| ·Chemicals and reagents | 第95-96页 |
| ·Plant materials and experimental conditions | 第96-97页 |
| ·Seed collection | 第96页 |
| ·Seed germination | 第96-97页 |
| ·Germination condition | 第97页 |
| ·Sampling procedure | 第97页 |
| ·Folate analysis | 第97-99页 |
| ·Enzyme preparation | 第97页 |
| ·Folate extraction | 第97-98页 |
| ·Folate quantification | 第98-99页 |
| ·Check of accuracy and quality control | 第99页 |
| ·Vitamin C analysis | 第99-100页 |
| ·Determination of total phenolic compounds | 第100页 |
| ·Determination of total antioxidant capacity | 第100-101页 |
| ·Water content determination | 第101页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第101页 |
| ·Results | 第101-108页 |
| ·Folate content and composition in legume seed and sprouts | 第101-105页 |
| ·Vitamin C content in of legume seed and sprouts | 第105页 |
| ·Total Phenolic compounds in legume seed and sprouts | 第105-107页 |
| ·Total antioxidant capacity in legume seed and sprouts | 第107-108页 |
| ·Discussion | 第108-111页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第111-112页 |
| Chapter 6 Natural Variation of Folate Content and Composition in Spinach(Spinaciaoleracea)Germplasm | 第112-129页 |
| Abstract | 第112-113页 |
| ·Introduction | 第113-115页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第115-121页 |
| ·Plant materials and culture | 第115-116页 |
| ·Spinach accessions collection | 第115页 |
| ·Seed germination | 第115-116页 |
| ·Culture condition | 第116页 |
| ·Sampling procedure | 第116页 |
| ·Folate analysis | 第116-121页 |
| ·Reagents | 第116-117页 |
| ·Folate standards | 第117页 |
| ·Enzyme preparation | 第117-118页 |
| ·Sample preparation | 第118页 |
| ·Sample clean-up | 第118-119页 |
| ·LC conditions | 第119页 |
| ·Folate quantification | 第119-120页 |
| ·Check of accuracy and quality control | 第120页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第120-121页 |
| ·Results and Discussion | 第121-128页 |
| ·Total folate in divers spinach accessions | 第121-123页 |
| ·Folate vitamer distribution | 第123-126页 |
| ·Association of total folate content with biomass yield | 第126-128页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第128-129页 |
| Chapter 7 Evaluation of Genotypic Variation of Folate in Pakchoi(Brassica rapa subsp.Chinensis)Germplasm | 第129-150页 |
| Abstract | 第129-130页 |
| ·Introduction | 第130-133页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第133-140页 |
| ·Plant materials and culture | 第133-134页 |
| ·Pakchoi accessions collection | 第133页 |
| ·Seed germination | 第133页 |
| ·Culture condition | 第133-134页 |
| ·Sampling procedure | 第134页 |
| ·Foate analysis | 第134-136页 |
| ·Enzyme preparation | 第134页 |
| ·Folate extraction,deconjugation and purification | 第134-135页 |
| ·Folate quantification | 第135-136页 |
| ·Check of accuracy and quality control | 第136页 |
| ·Precursor analysis | 第136-138页 |
| ·Pteridine analysis | 第136-137页 |
| ·pABA analysis | 第137-138页 |
| ·Gene expression analysis | 第138-140页 |
| ·Total RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis | 第138页 |
| ·Quantitative Real Time PCR analysis | 第138-140页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第140页 |
| ·Results | 第140-145页 |
| ·Total folate in diverse pakchoi accessions | 第140-143页 |
| ·Folate vitamet distribution | 第143页 |
| ·Pteridine and pABA accumulation | 第143-145页 |
| ·Expression of genes involved in folate metabolism | 第145页 |
| ·Discussion | 第145-149页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第149-150页 |
| Chapter 8 Major Findings and Future Perspectives | 第150-154页 |
| ·Major Findings | 第150-152页 |
| ·Future Prospective | 第152-154页 |
| References | 第154-173页 |
| List of Publications | 第173-175页 |
