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Functional Characteristics of Extracts from Jerusalem Artichoke and Application of Jerusalem Artichoke Powder in Emulsion-type Sausage

ABSTRACT第6-8页
摘要第9-11页
Abbreviation第11-18页
Chapter 1 Introduction第18-34页
    1.1 Jerusalem artichoke(JA)第18-19页
    1.2 The research development of JA第19-20页
        1.2.1 The main composition of JA tuber第19页
        1.2.2 The properties of JA第19-20页
        1.2.3 The application and research of JA tuber第20页
    1.3 The research status of polyphenols第20-27页
        1.3.1 Introduction of polyphenols第20-22页
        1.3.2 Bioactivities of polyphenols第22-26页
        1.3.3 Extraction method of polyphenols第26-27页
        1.3.4 Identification method of polyphenols第27页
    1.4 The research status of polyphenoloxidase(PPO)第27-30页
        1.4.1 Introduction of PPO第27-28页
        1.4.2 The extraction method of PPO第28-29页
        1.4.3 The inhibition method of PPO activity第29-30页
    1.5 The research status of JA powders第30页
    1.6 Inherent problems with JA第30-31页
    1.7 Objectives and significance of the study第31-32页
    1.8 The main research content第32-34页
Chapter 2 The extraction method of phenolics in Jerusalem artichoke第34-51页
    2.1 Introduction第34-35页
    2.2 Materials and Methods第35-38页
        2.2.1 Materials and reagents第35页
        2.2.2 Extraction methods第35-36页
            2.2.2.1 Microwave-assisted soxhlet extraction(MASE)第35页
            2.2.2.2 Conventional extraction第35-36页
        2.2.3 Experimental design and data analysis第36-37页
        2.2.4 Analytical methods第37页
            2.2.4.1 Determination of total polyphenol content(TPC)第37页
            2.2.4.2 Determination of total flavonoid content(TFC)第37页
        2.2.5 Determination of antioxidant activity第37-38页
            2.2.5.1 DPPH radical scavenging activity assay第37页
            2.2.5.2 The FRAP method第37-38页
    2.3 Results and discussion第38-50页
        2.3.1 Response surface analysis of total phenolic content第42-43页
        2.3.2 Response surface analysis of total flavonoid content第43-44页
        2.3.3 Response surface analysis of antioxidant activity第44-47页
        2.3.4 Optimization of the extraction parameters第47-48页
        2.3.5 Validation of the predictive model第48页
        2.3.6 Comparison between MASE and conventional extraction methods第48-50页
    2.4 Summary第50-51页
Chapter 3 The evaluation of functional activities and identification of Jerusalem artichokephenolics第51-63页
    3.1 Introduction第51页
    3.2 Material and methods第51-54页
        3.2.1 Materials and reagents第51-52页
        3.2.2 Methods第52-54页
            3.2.2.1 Bio-assay for the extracted Jerusalem artichoke tuber phenolics第52页
            3.2.2.2 Cancer cell-line and culture第52页
            3.2.2.3 Determination of cytotoxicity of HT-29 colon cancer- cells第52页
            3.2.2.4 Cell-cycle analysis第52-53页
            3.2.2.5 Quantification of apoptotic-ratio of HT-colon cancer cells第53页
            3.2.2.6 Anti-microbial susceptibility test第53页
            3.2.2.7 α-amylase activity inhibitory test第53-54页
            3.2.2.8 Lipase activity inhibitory test第54页
            3.2.2.9 LC/MS analysis of JAE第54页
    3.3 Results and discussion第54-62页
        3.3.1 Anti-cancer evaluation of JAE第54-57页
        3.3.2 Anti-microbial activity of JAE第57-58页
        3.3.3 Inhibition of a-amylase activity by JAE第58-59页
        3.3.4 Inhibition of lipase activity by JAE第59-60页
        3.3.5 Identification of novel JA phytochemicals第60-62页
    3.4 Summary第62-63页
Chapter 4 Characterization and inactivation studies of Jerusalem artichoke polyphenoloxidase第63-81页
    4.1 Introduction第63页
    4.2 Materials and methods第63-68页
        4.2.1 Materials and reagents第63-64页
        4.2.2 Methods第64-67页
            4.2.2.1 Enzyme extraction and purification procedure第64页
            4.2.2.2 Electrophoresis第64页
            4.2.2.3 Protein content determination第64页
            4.2.2.4 Assay for JA PPO activity第64-65页
            4.2.2.5 The pH effect on JA PPO activity第65页
            4.2.2.6 The temperature effect on JA PPO activity第65页
            4.2.2.7 JA PPO specificity to substrates第65页
            4.2.2.8 Determination of inhibitor effect第65-66页
            4.2.2.9 Microwave inactivation effect on JA PPO第66页
            4.2.2.10 Pulse magnetic field (PMF) inactivation effect on JA PPO第66页
            4.2.2.11 Tristimulus colorimetry for the evaluation of enzymatic browning第66-67页
            4.2.2.12 Residual activity第67页
            4.2.2.13 Math's model第67页
        4.2.3 Statistical analysis第67-68页
    4.3 Results and discussion第68-79页
        4.3.1 Extraction,purification and electrophoresis第68-70页
        4.3.2 Characterizationof JA PPO第70-73页
            4.3.2.1 The pH effect on JA PPO activity第70页
            4.3.2.2 The effect of temperature on JA PPO activity第70-72页
            4.3.2.3 JA PPO specificity in regards to substrates第72-73页
        4.3.3 Chemical inhibitor of JA PPO第73-74页
        4.3.4 The microwave effect on the activity of JA PPO第74-75页
        4.3.5 Activity of JA PPO using microwaves after storage第75页
        4.3.6 PMF influence on JA PPO第75-76页
        4.3.7 Inhibition of JA PPO activity using PMF after storage第76-77页
        4.3.8 The kinetic inactivation model of JA PPO via PMF第77-78页
        4.3.9 Evaluation of enzymatic browning after JA PPO exposure to PMF第78-79页
    4.4 Summary第79-81页
Chapter 5 Characterization of Jerusalem artichoke powder and its application inemulsion-typesausage第81-97页
    5.1 Introduction第81页
    5.2 Materials and methods第81-85页
        5.2.1 Materials第81-82页
        5.2.2 Methods第82-85页
            5.2.2.1 JAP preparation第82页
            5.2.2.2 Component of JAP第82-83页
            5.2.2.3 Characterization of JAP第83页
            5.2.2.4 Sausage preparation第83-84页
            5.2.2.5 Characterization of sausage第84-85页
        5.2.3 Statistical analysis第85页
    5.3 Results and discussion第85-95页
        5.3.1 Component analysis of JAP第85-86页
        5.3.2 Characterization of JAP第86-88页
        5.3.3 Characterization of the sausages第88-95页
            5.3.3.1 The cooking loss,expressible water and emulsion stability第88-90页
            5.3.3.2 Sausage color第90-91页
            5.3.3.3 Texture profile第91-93页
            5.3.3.4 In vitro antioxidant activity第93-94页
            5.3.3.5 Microbiological quality第94页
            5.3.3.6 Micro structure of sausage第94-95页
    5.4 Summary第95-97页
Chapter 6 Conclusions andoutlook第97-99页
    6.1 Conclusions第97-98页
    6.2 Outlook第98-99页
The Main Innovative Points第99-100页
Publications第100-101页
Acknowledgement第101-103页
References第103-116页

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