| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第5-6页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第6-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-12页 |
| CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION | 第12-18页 |
| 1.1 Research Background | 第12-13页 |
| 1.2 Research Rationale | 第13-15页 |
| 1.3 Significance | 第15页 |
| 1.4 Research Objective and Research Questions | 第15-16页 |
| 1.5 Methodology and Data Collection | 第16页 |
| 1.6 Organization of the Thesis | 第16-18页 |
| CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW | 第18-42页 |
| 2.1 Previous Studies on Translational Norms | 第18-32页 |
| 2.1.1 Previous Studies on the Introduction of Translational Norms | 第21-24页 |
| 2.1.2 Previous Studies on the Development of Translational Norms | 第24-26页 |
| 2.1.3 Previous Studies on the Application of Translational Norms | 第26-29页 |
| 2.1.4 Previous Studies on Translational Norms of A Certain Kind of Translation | 第29-32页 |
| 2.2 Previous Studies on Institutional Translation and Translations by Freelance Translators | 第32-37页 |
| 2.2.1 Previous Studies on Institutional Translation | 第32-36页 |
| 2.2.2 Previous Studies on Translations by Freelance Translators | 第36-37页 |
| 2.3 Previous Studies on the English Translations of Biancheng | 第37-42页 |
| 2.3.1 Previous Studies on the Translations of Cultural Phenomena in Biancheng | 第37-38页 |
| 2.3.2 Previous Studies on the Translations of Specific Language Phenomena in Biancheng | 第38-39页 |
| 2.3.3 Previous Studies on the Translation of Style in Biancheng | 第39-40页 |
| 2.3.4 Previous Studies on the Translation of Aesthetic Representation in Biancheng | 第40-41页 |
| 2.3.5 Previous Studies on the Translators of Biancheng | 第41-42页 |
| CHAPTER THREE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK | 第42-53页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第42页 |
| 3.2 Working Definitions | 第42-43页 |
| 3.3 Theoretical Foundations | 第43-50页 |
| 3.3.1 The Background of Toury’s Translational Norms | 第44-45页 |
| 3.3.2 The Content of Toury’s Translational Norms | 第45-48页 |
| 3.3.3 The Features of Toury’s Translational Norms | 第48-49页 |
| 3.3.4 The Ways of Studying Toury’s Translational Norms | 第49-50页 |
| 3.4 Analytic Framework | 第50-53页 |
| CHAPTER FOUR TRANSLATIONAL NORMS OF NOVEL TRANSLATION BY INSTITUTIONAL TRANSLATORS AND BY FREELANCE TRANSLATORS | 第53-80页 |
| 4.1 Preliminary Norms Governing the Two Translation Modes | 第53-61页 |
| 4.1.1 Translation Policy | 第53-59页 |
| 4.1.2 Directness of Translation | 第59-61页 |
| 4.2 Operational Norms Governing the Two Translation Modes | 第61-71页 |
| 4.2.1 Matricial Norms | 第61-65页 |
| 4.2.2 Textual-linguistic Norms | 第65-71页 |
| 4.3 Initial Norm Governing the Two Translation Modes | 第71-80页 |
| CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION | 第80-84页 |
| 5.1 Major Findings | 第80-82页 |
| 5.2 Implications | 第82页 |
| 5.3 Limitations | 第82-83页 |
| 5.4 Suggestions for Future Research | 第83-84页 |
| REFERENCES | 第84-88页 |
