| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第1-29页 |
| ·Preliminary remarks: a real world vs a projected world | 第15-18页 |
| ·Human Cognition, Language and Metaphor | 第18-24页 |
| ·Possible stages in human beings’cognition of the real world | 第18-19页 |
| ·Experience—based cognition of human beings | 第19-21页 |
| ·Language—a basic means tdocument human cognition | 第21-22页 |
| ·Metaphor—a fundamental device used in cognition of the real world | 第22-24页 |
| ·Summary | 第24页 |
| ·Research questions of this paper | 第24-25页 |
| ·Methods and data used in this paper | 第25-26页 |
| ·Overview of this paper | 第26-27页 |
| ·Findings of this paper | 第27-29页 |
| Chapter 2 Asymmetry of Metaphors | 第29-41页 |
| ·Literature review | 第29-34页 |
| ·General remarks | 第29-30页 |
| ·Views of John I. Saeed | 第30页 |
| ·Views of Lakoff and Johnson | 第30-32页 |
| ·Views of William Croft and D. Alan Cruse | 第32-33页 |
| ·Views of Shu Dingfang | 第33-34页 |
| ·NP_1 is NP_2–the most basic linguistic realization of metaphor | 第34-37页 |
| ·Lakoff and Turner’s approach | 第34页 |
| ·Our approach | 第34-37页 |
| ·A regulation vs a general tendency | 第37-39页 |
| ·Unidirectionality vs asymmetry | 第39-40页 |
| ·Summary | 第40-41页 |
| Chapter 3 Figure and ground | 第41-52页 |
| ·General remarks | 第41-44页 |
| ·Gestalt psychology and the “figure/ground illusion” | 第41-42页 |
| ·Figure and ground in language | 第42-44页 |
| ·Talmy’s notion of Figure and Ground | 第44-51页 |
| ·Components of the cognitive schematization of Figure and Ground | 第44-45页 |
| ·Definitions of Figure and Ground proposed by Talmy | 第45-47页 |
| ·Definitional and associated characteristic of Figure and Ground | 第47-48页 |
| ·Universals for “every inverse-relation pair” | 第48-51页 |
| ·Summary of Talmy’s theory of Figure and Ground | 第51-52页 |
| Chapter 4 Metaphor and Figure/Ground | 第52-67页 |
| ·General remarks | 第52页 |
| ·Metaphor and Figure/Ground | 第52-54页 |
| ·Characteristics of Figure and that of the target/source concept | 第54-57页 |
| ·Associated characteristics of Figure//Ground | 第54-55页 |
| ·General characteristics of the target//source concept | 第55-57页 |
| ·A new way of classifying metaphor | 第57-66页 |
| ·Mono-path mapping metaphor | 第58-60页 |
| ·Multi-path mapping metaphor | 第60-63页 |
| ·Converging-path mapping metaphor | 第63-66页 |
| ·Summary | 第66-67页 |
| Chapter 5 Metaphor upside down | 第67-80页 |
| ·General remarks | 第67页 |
| ·The perspective | 第67-69页 |
| ·The definitional and associated characteristics and the path | 第69-70页 |
| ·The reference frame and the path | 第70-78页 |
| ·“Context Effects” | 第70-71页 |
| ·一寸光阴一寸金and TIME IS MONEY | 第71-73页 |
| ·TIME (F) IS MONEY (G) and MONEY (F) IS TIME (G) | 第73-78页 |
| ·The bike (F) is near the house (G) and The house (F) is near the bike (G) | 第73-74页 |
| ·MONEY (F) IS TIME (G) in a normal reference frame | 第74-76页 |
| ·Lasting effect of the profiled path and the feature projected | 第76-77页 |
| ·MONEY (F) IS TIME (G) withi a confined reference frame | 第77-78页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第78-80页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion | 第80-82页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第80-81页 |
| ·Problems unsolved | 第81-82页 |
| Notes | 第82-83页 |
| Bibliography | 第83-85页 |
