| 摘要 | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-12页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第12-16页 |
| ·Significance and Purpose | 第12-13页 |
| ·Clarification of Some Terms | 第13-15页 |
| ·EFL and ESL | 第13页 |
| ·Learner Beliefs of Language Learning | 第13-14页 |
| ·The Definition of Adult Learners | 第14-15页 |
| ·Individualism and Collectivism | 第15页 |
| ·Layout of the Thesis | 第15-16页 |
| 2 Literature Review | 第16-24页 |
| ·Collectivism and Individualism | 第16-19页 |
| ·Beliefs about Language Learning | 第19-22页 |
| ·Importance of Learning Beliefs about Language Learning | 第19-20页 |
| ·Learner Beliefs and Language Achievements | 第20-21页 |
| ·Studies on Language Learning Beliefs | 第21-22页 |
| ·Summary | 第22-24页 |
| 3 Hypotheses and Methodology | 第24-29页 |
| ·Research Objects and Hypotheses | 第24-29页 |
| ·Research Objects | 第24-25页 |
| ·Research Questions and Two Hypotheses | 第25页 |
| ·Research Design | 第25-26页 |
| ·Subjects | 第26-27页 |
| ·Instruments and data collection procedures | 第27-29页 |
| 4 Data Analysis | 第29-46页 |
| ·Analysis for Adult EFL learners’Individualistic /Collectivistic Orientations | 第29-40页 |
| ·Test for Hypothesis 1—Younger learners are easier than older ones to have a tendency to be influenced by individualistic values | 第31-36页 |
| ·Test for Hypothesis 2—Learners with higher levels of educational backgrounds are more individualistic orientated | 第36-39页 |
| ·Summary for Adult Learners’Cultural Orientations Test | 第39-40页 |
| ·Analysis for Adult learners’Language learning Beliefs | 第40-45页 |
| ·Relationships between cultural orientations and learner’s language learning beliefs | 第40-43页 |
| ·Adult EFL language learner’s learning beliefs | 第43-45页 |
| ·Summary for learner beliefs’tests | 第45-46页 |
| 5 Conclusion | 第46-49页 |
| ·Implications | 第47页 |
| ·limitations | 第47-49页 |
| Bibliography | 第49-54页 |
| Appendix A Personal Background Information Questionnaire | 第54-55页 |
| Appendix B Individualism Collectivism Scale | 第55-56页 |
| Appendix C Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory | 第56-58页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第58-59页 |
