| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-8页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-13页 |
| List of Figures | 第13-14页 |
| List of Tables | 第14-15页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第15-30页 |
| ·Rationale for the present research | 第18-21页 |
| ·Data and methodology | 第21-26页 |
| ·Values of corpus-based research | 第21-22页 |
| ·Data | 第22-24页 |
| ·Methodology for the analysis | 第24-26页 |
| ·Objectives of the present study | 第26-28页 |
| ·Outline of the dissertation | 第28-30页 |
| Chapter Two Historical Review | 第30-64页 |
| ·State of the art and problems | 第30-40页 |
| ·Previous researches on diachronic evolution of BUGUO and XKAN | 第30-32页 |
| ·Previous researches on synchronic aspects of BUGUO and XKAN | 第32-34页 |
| ·Why diachronic? | 第34-39页 |
| ·Interim summary | 第39-40页 |
| ·Theories relevant to the present research | 第40-60页 |
| ·Grammaticalization | 第40-46页 |
| ·Historical pragmatics | 第46-48页 |
| ·Pragmaticalization | 第48-51页 |
| ·Models of semantic change | 第51-58页 |
| ·Traugott’s view | 第52-56页 |
| ·Metaphor and metonymy | 第56-58页 |
| ·A thumbnail introduction to Construction Grammar | 第58-60页 |
| ·Pragmatic markers | 第60-64页 |
| Chapter Three Pragmatic Functions of BUGUO: A Synchronic Analysis | 第64-86页 |
| ·Data and methodology | 第65-66页 |
| ·Use and functional distribution of BUGUO in the corpus | 第66-68页 |
| ·Pragmatic functions of BUGUO | 第68-82页 |
| ·Metalinguistic functions | 第68-74页 |
| ·Referential contrast | 第69-70页 |
| ·Pragmatically inferable contrast | 第70-74页 |
| ·Metacommunicative functions | 第74-82页 |
| ·Functional contrast | 第75-78页 |
| ·Illocutionary contrast | 第78-82页 |
| ·The relationship between the core meaning of BUGUO and its pragmatic functions | 第82-86页 |
| Chapter Four Pragmaticalization of BUGUO: A Diachronic Analysis | 第86-137页 |
| ·Data, distribution of BUGUO and methodology | 第86-89页 |
| ·Main meanings of GUO | 第89-90页 |
| ·Historical development of BUGUO | 第90-113页 |
| ·BUGUO in Old Chinese | 第91-101页 |
| ·Uses of BUGUO in the Pre-Qin Period | 第91-98页 |
| ·Uses of BUGUO in the Han Dynasty | 第98-99页 |
| ·Interim summary | 第99-101页 |
| ·BUGUO in Middle Chinese | 第101-104页 |
| ·Uses of BUGUO in the Six Dynasties period | 第101-103页 |
| ·Uses of BUGUO in the Tang Dynasty | 第103-104页 |
| ·BUGUO in Old Mandarin | 第104-110页 |
| ·Uses of BUGUO in the Five Dynasties period and the Northern Song Dynasty | 第104-107页 |
| ·Uses of BUGUO in the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty | 第107-110页 |
| ·BUGUO in Middle Mandarin | 第110-113页 |
| ·Uses of BUGUO in the Ming Dynasty | 第110-111页 |
| ·Uses of BUGUO in the Qing Dynasty | 第111-113页 |
| ·Pragmaticalization of BUGUO | 第113-116页 |
| ·Motivations and mechanisms involved in the pragmaticalization of BUGUO | 第116-132页 |
| ·Motivations for the pragmaticalization of BUGUO | 第116-123页 |
| ·Mechanisms of the pragmaticalization of BUGUO | 第123-132页 |
| ·Mechanisms at the semantic level | 第123-128页 |
| ·Mechanisms at the syntactic level | 第128-132页 |
| ·Accompanying changes of the pragmaticalization of BUGUO | 第132-137页 |
| ·Phonological changes | 第133页 |
| ·Semantic changes | 第133-135页 |
| ·Syntactic changes | 第135-137页 |
| Chapter Five Pragmatic Functions of XKAN: A Synchronic Analysis | 第137-164页 |
| ·Data and methodology | 第138-139页 |
| ·XKAN: PM use vs. Non-PM use | 第139-141页 |
| ·Use and distribution of WOKAN and NIKAN in the corpus | 第141-144页 |
| ·Pragmatic functions of WOKAN | 第144-152页 |
| ·Self-quotation | 第145-149页 |
| ·Self-quotation I: WOKAN as a politeness marker | 第145-148页 |
| ·Self-quotation II: WOKAN as an emphasiser | 第148-149页 |
| ·WOKAN as a hesitation marker | 第149-152页 |
| ·Pragmatic functions of NIKAN | 第152-160页 |
| ·NIKAN as an attention getter | 第153-154页 |
| ·NIKAN as a coherence builder | 第154-157页 |
| ·NIKAN as a politeness marker | 第157-159页 |
| ·NIKAN as a turn yielder | 第159-160页 |
| ·XKAN as markers of interpersonal involvement | 第160-164页 |
| ·“Involvement”in the present study | 第161-162页 |
| ·Discussion | 第162-164页 |
| ·Use of WOKAN for addresser-involvement | 第162-163页 |
| ·Use of NIKAN for addressee-involvement | 第163-164页 |
| Chapter Six Pragmaticalization of XKAN: A Diachronic Analysis | 第164-200页 |
| ·Distribution of WOKAN and NIKAN and methodology | 第164-166页 |
| ·Core meanings of KAN | 第166-167页 |
| ·Historical development of XKAN | 第167-185页 |
| ·Historical development of WOKAN | 第167-175页 |
| ·WOKAN in Old Mandarin | 第168-170页 |
| ·WOKAN in Middle Mandarin | 第170-174页 |
| ·Interim summary | 第174-175页 |
| ·Historical development of NIKAN | 第175-185页 |
| ·NIKAN in Middle Chinese | 第176-177页 |
| ·NIKAN in Old Mandarin | 第177-183页 |
| ·NIKAN in Middle Mandarin | 第183-184页 |
| ·Interim summary | 第184-185页 |
| ·Pragmaticalization of XKAN | 第185-187页 |
| ·Motivations and mechanisms involved in the pragmaticalization of XKAN | 第187-196页 |
| ·Motivations for the pragmaticalization of XKAN | 第187-191页 |
| ·Mechanisms of the pragmaticalization of XKAN | 第191-196页 |
| ·Mechanisms at the semantic level | 第191-195页 |
| ·Mechanisms at the syntactic level | 第195-196页 |
| ·Accompanying changes of the pragmaticalization of XKAN | 第196-200页 |
| ·Phonological changes | 第197页 |
| ·Semantic changes | 第197-198页 |
| ·Syntactic changes | 第198-200页 |
| Chapter Seven Historical Development of BUGUO and XKAN: Cases of Pragmaticalization | 第200-221页 |
| ·Previous studies on the rise of pragmatic markers | 第200-203页 |
| ·Historical development of pragmatic markers as an instance of pragmaticalization | 第203-218页 |
| ·Grammar vs. pragmatics | 第203-206页 |
| ·Discussion | 第206-218页 |
| ·Arguing against Lehmann’s approach | 第207-211页 |
| ·Arguing against Traugott’s approach | 第211-218页 |
| ·“Pragmaticalization”reconsidered | 第218-221页 |
| Chapter Eight Conclusion | 第221-228页 |
| ·Findings of this study | 第221-226页 |
| ·Limitations of this study and implications for future study | 第226-228页 |
| References | 第228-243页 |
| Appendix: A Brief Chronology of Chinese History | 第243-245页 |
