| 摘要 | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-9页 |
| List of Tables | 第9-10页 |
| List of Figures | 第10-11页 |
| Abbreviations | 第11-12页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第12-15页 |
| ·Research background and significance | 第12-14页 |
| ·Research questions | 第14页 |
| ·Organization of the thesis | 第14-15页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review | 第15-24页 |
| ·Introduction to holistic scoring and analytic scoring | 第15-17页 |
| ·Introduction to MFRM and FACETS | 第17-18页 |
| ·Study on the writing rater behavior | 第18-23页 |
| ·Summary of studies on essay writing | 第23-24页 |
| Chapter 3 Research Methodology and Design | 第24-28页 |
| ·Participants | 第24-25页 |
| ·Materials | 第25-26页 |
| ·Writing scripts | 第25页 |
| ·Rating scales | 第25-26页 |
| ·Rating experiment design | 第26-27页 |
| ·Data collection for FACETS | 第27-28页 |
| Chapter 4 Data Analyses and Results | 第28-49页 |
| ·Primary multi-faceted Rasch analysis | 第28-36页 |
| ·Rater-category bias analyses | 第36-43页 |
| ·Primary description of rater-category bias analysis | 第36-39页 |
| ·Patterns in rater-category bias interactions | 第39-43页 |
| ·Rater-writer bias analyses | 第43-47页 |
| ·Preliminary description of rater-writer bias analyses | 第43-45页 |
| ·Patterns in rater-writer bias interactions | 第45-47页 |
| ·Exploration of systematic rater bias patterns | 第47-49页 |
| Chapter 5 Discussion | 第49-56页 |
| ·Discussion on research questions | 第49-53页 |
| ·Discussion on reliability of two rating sessions | 第49-50页 |
| ·Discussion on rater-category bias interactions | 第50-52页 |
| ·Discussion on rater-writer bias interactions | 第52页 |
| ·Discussion on systematic bias patterns | 第52-53页 |
| ·Discussion on severity and difficulty via mean scores | 第53-56页 |
| ·Discussion on the mean scores assigned to writers | 第53页 |
| ·Discussion on the mean scores assigned by raters | 第53-54页 |
| ·Discussion on the mean scores assigned to categories | 第54-56页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion and Implications | 第56-60页 |
| ·Summary of the research | 第56-57页 |
| ·Implications | 第57-58页 |
| ·Limitations | 第58页 |
| ·Further research | 第58-60页 |
| References | 第60-63页 |
| Appendix A Discrimination of Writing Levels | 第63-64页 |
| Appendix B Rating Scale | 第64-67页 |
| Appendix C Writing Scoring Samples | 第67-71页 |
| Appendix D Table for Comparing Mean Scores of Holistic Score and Raters' Rating | 第71-81页 |
| Appendix E Table for Comparing Mean Scores of Analytic Final Score and Raters' Rating | 第81-91页 |
| Appendix F 详细中文摘要 | 第91-94页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第94页 |
