| 摘要 | 第1-6页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第6-11页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第11-14页 |
| ·Background | 第11-12页 |
| ·Problems and Needs for the Research | 第12页 |
| ·Purpose and Significance of the Research | 第12-13页 |
| ·Layout of the Thesis | 第13-14页 |
| 2 Formative Assessment | 第14-25页 |
| ·Definition of Formative Assessment | 第14-15页 |
| ·What Is Meant by “Assessment”? | 第14页 |
| ·What Is Meant by “Formative Assessment”? | 第14-15页 |
| ·The Process of Formative Assessment | 第15-17页 |
| ·Classification of Formative Assessment | 第17-19页 |
| ·According to the Formality | 第17-18页 |
| ·According to the Subject | 第18-19页 |
| ·The Effectiveness of Formative Assessment | 第19-21页 |
| ·Purposes and Benefits of Formative Assessment | 第21-22页 |
| ·Purposes of Formative Assessment | 第21页 |
| ·Benefits of Formative Assessment | 第21-22页 |
| ·Distinguishing Formative from Summative Assessment | 第22-25页 |
| ·The Differences between Formative and Summative Assessment | 第22-24页 |
| ·Integrating Formative and Summative Assessment in Teaching | 第24-25页 |
| 3 Testing Speaking | 第25-30页 |
| ·The Characteristics of Oral English Activity | 第25-26页 |
| ·Interactiveness | 第25页 |
| ·Purposefulness | 第25页 |
| ·Para-linguistic Features | 第25页 |
| ·Non-linguistic Features | 第25页 |
| ·Insepaparability of Listening from Speaking | 第25-26页 |
| ·Decency of Communication | 第26页 |
| ·Components of Oral English Ability | 第26-27页 |
| ·Micro-linguistic Skills | 第26页 |
| ·Routine Skills | 第26页 |
| ·Improvisation Skills | 第26-27页 |
| ·How Are Speaking Skills Assessed? | 第27-30页 |
| ·Testing Oral Ability | 第27-28页 |
| ·Two Methods for Assessing Oral Ability | 第28页 |
| ·Types of Interactive Oral Assessment Task | 第28-30页 |
| 4 Theoretical Framework of the Implementation of Formative Assessment in College Oral English Teaching | 第30-39页 |
| ·The Characteristics of Formative Assessment of Oral English | 第30-31页 |
| ·Frequency of Assessment | 第30页 |
| ·Improvement of Students’Learning | 第30页 |
| ·Students’Involvement in Assessment | 第30-31页 |
| ·Close Relation with Oral English Teaching Content | 第31页 |
| ·Application of Various Assessing Methods | 第31页 |
| ·Feedback as an Important Guarantee | 第31页 |
| ·The Effect of Formative Assessment of Oral English | 第31-33页 |
| ·The Effect on Teachers | 第31-32页 |
| ·The Effect on Students | 第32-33页 |
| ·Design of Classroom Formative Assessment of Oral English in This Research | 第33-39页 |
| ·Deciding Learning Goals | 第33-34页 |
| ·Setting up Scoring Criteria | 第34-35页 |
| ·Designing Oral Activities | 第35-37页 |
| ·Conducting Oral Activities | 第37页 |
| ·Assessing Students’Oral Performance by Teacher | 第37页 |
| ·Self Assessing | 第37-38页 |
| ·Peer Assessing | 第38页 |
| ·Conducting Oral Activities after Class and Self Assessing the Performance | 第38-39页 |
| 5 Research Methodology | 第39-42页 |
| ·Experiment | 第39-40页 |
| ·Objectives | 第39页 |
| ·The Subjects of the Experiment | 第39页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第39-40页 |
| ·Data Collection and Analysis | 第40页 |
| ·Survey Study | 第40-42页 |
| ·Survey with Students | 第41页 |
| ·Interview with the Teacher | 第41-42页 |
| 6 Results and Discussion of the Research | 第42-51页 |
| ·Results and Discussion of the Experiment | 第42-48页 |
| ·Results from Comparison between Pre-test and Post-test | 第42-46页 |
| ·Other Results from the Experiment | 第46-48页 |
| ·Results and Discussion of the Survey | 第48-49页 |
| ·Characteristics of the Research | 第49-51页 |
| 7 Conclusion | 第51-55页 |
| ·Major Findings | 第51-52页 |
| ·Implications for Implementing Formative Assessment in Oral English Teaching | 第52-53页 |
| ·Limitations of the Research and Suggestions for Further Study | 第53-55页 |
| ·Limitations of the Research | 第53-54页 |
| ·Suggestions for Further Study | 第54-55页 |
| REFERENCES | 第55-59页 |
| APPENDIX | 第59-75页 |
| Appendix Ⅰ Questionnaire about Students’Nee ds in Oral English Study | 第59-60页 |
| Appendix Ⅱ Test Paper for the Pre -test | 第60-62页 |
| Appendix Ⅲ Portfolio for Formative Assessment of Oral English (Band Ⅱ) | 第62-68页 |
| Appendix Ⅳ Tasks in the Experiment | 第68-72页 |
| Appendix Ⅴ Test Paper for the Post -test | 第72-74页 |
| Appendix Ⅵ Survey with Students | 第74-75页 |
| Appendix Ⅶ Interview with the Teacher | 第75页 |
