| TABLES | 第1-10页 |
| FIGURES | 第10-11页 |
| 1 INTRODUCTION | 第11-17页 |
| 1．1 Background | 第11-13页 |
| 1．2 Purpose and Significance of the Study | 第13-14页 |
| 1．3 Definition of Terms in the Present Study | 第14-17页 |
| 2 RELATED THEORIES ON LISTENING COMPREHENSION | 第17-34页 |
| 2．1 Language Comprehension in General | 第17-18页 |
| 2．2 The Role of Prior Knowledge in Listening Comprehension | 第18-24页 |
| 2．2．1 Schema Theory | 第19-21页 |
| 2．2．2 Functions of Schemata | 第21-22页 |
| 2．2．3 Studies Relating to the Role of Schemata in L2 Listening Comprehension | 第22-24页 |
| 2．3 Listening Comprehension from the Information-Processing Perspective | 第24-27页 |
| 2．3．1 A General Model of Human Information Processing | 第24-26页 |
| 2．3．2 Automatic and Cotrolled Processes | 第26页 |
| 2．3．3 Information Processing in Second Language Listening Comprehension | 第26-27页 |
| 2．4 Top-down（TD） and Bottom-up Processing（BU） in Language Comprehension | 第27-32页 |
| 2．4．1 TD&BU Processing in Listening Comprehension | 第28-30页 |
| 2．4．2 Studies on TD&BU Processing in L2 Listening Comprehension | 第30-32页 |
| 2．5 Toward a Synthesis | 第32-34页 |
| 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT STUDY | 第34-42页 |
| 3．1 Experiment Process | 第34-36页 |
| 3．1．1 Subjects | 第34-35页 |
| 3．1．2 Materials | 第35页 |
| 3．1．3 Procedures | 第35-36页 |
| 3．2 Results of the Experiment | 第36-38页 |
| 3．2．1 Results of the Questionnaire | 第36-37页 |
| 3．2．2 Results of the Written Protocols | 第37-38页 |
| 3．3 General Discussion of the Results | 第38-42页 |
| 3．3．1 Analysis of High-level Students | 第38-39页 |
| 3．3．2 Analysis of Intermediate and Low Level Students | 第39-40页 |
| 3．3．3 Final Findings | 第40-42页 |
| 4 TEACHING IN THE CLASSROOM | 第42-61页 |
| 4．1 Teaching Activities for the Low-intermediate Students | 第43-48页 |
| 4．1．1 Difficulties in Listening Comprehension | 第43-44页 |
| 4．1．2 Suggestions for the Teacher | 第44-46页 |
| 4．1．3 A Typology of Activities for a Listening Lesson | 第46-48页 |
| 4．2 Teaching Activities for the High-intermediate Students | 第48-55页 |
| 4．2．1 Problems in Listening Comprehension | 第48页 |
| 4．2．2 Solutions to the Problems | 第48-50页 |
| 4．2．3 Concrete Activities for Developing Listening Strategies | 第50-55页 |
| 4．3 Teaching Activities for the High-proficiency Level Students | 第55-61页 |
| 4．3．1 Merits and Demerits | 第55-56页 |
| 4．3．2 Learner-centered Listening Assessment | 第56-61页 |
| 5 CONCLUSION | 第61-63页 |
| REFERENCES | 第63-66页 |
| 1． A Typology of Activities for a Listening Lesson | 第48-55页 |
| 2． Performance Checklist for Pre-listening | 第55-60页 |
| 3． Activities for Involving Student | 第60-18页 |
| 1． Information Sources in Comprehension | 第18-25页 |
| 2． A General Model of Information Processing | 第25-35页 |
| 3． Information about the Text is Presented in the Following | 第35-37页 |
| 4． The Results of the Students' Performance in Getting the Main Idea | 第37页 |
| 5． Strategies Used by the Subjects in Text 1 | 第37-38页 |
| 6． Strategies Used by the Subjects in Text 2 | 第38-45页 |
| 7． Types of Spoken Texts | 第45-52页 |
| 8． Listening and Note-Taking | 第52-66页 |
