| 附表 | 第5-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-9页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第9-10页 |
| LIST OF Abbreviation | 第16-22页 |
| CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION | 第22-44页 |
| 1.1 BACKGROUND | 第22-25页 |
| 1.1.1 Origin and domestication of apple | 第22页 |
| 1.1.2 Growing condition and production | 第22-23页 |
| 1.1.3 Nutritional value | 第23-24页 |
| 1.1.4 Postharvest storage disorder | 第24-25页 |
| 1.2 FRUIT RIPENING | 第25-32页 |
| 1.2.1 Color changes | 第25-26页 |
| 1.2.2 Sugar and organic acids | 第26页 |
| 1.2.3 Fruit softening | 第26-27页 |
| 1.2.4 Aroma compounds | 第27页 |
| 1.2.5 Physiological changes and hormonal interaction during ripening | 第27-32页 |
| 1.2.5.1 Ethylene and ABA are the major contributors | 第29页 |
| 1.2.5.2 Cell wall dynamics and ripening hormones | 第29-30页 |
| 1.2.5.3 Relative roles of plant hormones on accumulation of sugars and acids | 第30页 |
| 1.2.5.4 Crosstalk between ethylene and other hormones | 第30-32页 |
| 1.3 POST-HARVEST TREATMENT TO MAINTAIN FRUIT QUALITY | 第32-43页 |
| 1.3.1 Low temperature storage | 第32-33页 |
| 1.3.2 Heat treatment | 第33-34页 |
| 1.3.3 1-Methylecyclopropane(1-MCP) | 第34页 |
| 1.3.4 Controlled atmosphere storage | 第34-35页 |
| 1.3.5 Salicylic acid treatment | 第35-36页 |
| 1.3.6 UV-C irradiation | 第36页 |
| 1.3.7 Melatonin treatment | 第36-43页 |
| 1.3.7.1 Melatonin biosynthesis in plants | 第36-37页 |
| 1.3.7.2 Effect of melatonin on Postharvest Produce | 第37-38页 |
| 1.3.7.3 Melatonin in abiotic stress responses | 第38-40页 |
| 1.3.7.4 Melatonin interacts with plant hormones | 第40-42页 |
| 1.3.7.5 Melatonin and ethylene interaction | 第42页 |
| 1.3.7.6 Salicylic acid pathways regulation by melatonin | 第42页 |
| 1.3.7.7 Defense response development by melatonin | 第42-43页 |
| 1.4 SCOPE AND OUTLINE OF THE THESIS | 第43-44页 |
| CHAPTER 2 PRE-AND POST-RIPENING HORMONAL REGULATION AND ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHESIS OF EARLY RIPENING APPLE FRUIT | 第44-65页 |
| 2.1 ABSTRACT | 第44页 |
| 2.2 INTRODUCTION | 第44-46页 |
| 2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第46-50页 |
| 2.3.1 Plant material | 第46-47页 |
| 2.3.2 Organic acids and sugars measurement | 第47页 |
| 2.3.3 Total RNA extraction | 第47-48页 |
| 2.3.3.1 Quantification of RNA | 第48页 |
| 2.3.4 Reverse transcription and cDNA synthesis | 第48页 |
| 2.3.4.1 Purification of cDNA by removing genomic DNA | 第48页 |
| 2.3.5 Library construction and transcriptome sequencing | 第48-49页 |
| 2.3.6 Functional annotation and analysis of differential gene expression | 第49页 |
| 2.3.7 Quantitative Real-Time PCR(qRT-PCR) | 第49-50页 |
| 2.3.8 Statistical analysis | 第50页 |
| 2.4 RESULTS | 第50-62页 |
| 2.4.1 Changes in organic acid and sugar content in pre-and post-ripening Apple | 第50-51页 |
| 2.4.2 RNA-seq and differential gene expression analysis | 第51-53页 |
| 2.4.3 GO enrichment classification | 第53-54页 |
| 2.4.4 KEGG pathway analysis | 第54-56页 |
| 2.4.5 Confirmation of RNA-seq results by qRT-PCR | 第56页 |
| 2.4.6 Identification of DEGs related to ripening hormone | 第56-60页 |
| 2.4.7 DEGs involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis | 第60-61页 |
| 2.4.8 Transcriptional regulation during fruit ripening | 第61-62页 |
| 2.5 DISCUSSION | 第62-64页 |
| 2.6 CONCLUSIONS | 第64-65页 |
| CHAPTER 3 EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS MELATONIN TREATMENT ON POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF 'FUJI’APPLE DURING LOW TEMPERATURE STORAGE | 第65-82页 |
| 3.1 ABSTRACT | 第65页 |
| 3.2 INTRODUCTION | 第65-67页 |
| 3.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第67-71页 |
| 3.3.1 Sample preparation and treatments | 第67页 |
| 3.3.2 Determination of weight loss percentage | 第67-68页 |
| 3.3.3 Respiration and ethylene production rate | 第68页 |
| 3.3.4 MDA content | 第68页 |
| 3.3.5 H_2O_2 content | 第68页 |
| 3.3.6 Antioxidant enzyme assays | 第68-69页 |
| 3.3.7 Sample preparation and metabolites extraction | 第69页 |
| 3.3.8 UPLC-Q-TOF MS based chromatographic detection | 第69-70页 |
| 3.3.9 Mass spectrometry condition | 第70页 |
| 3.3.10 Data processing and multivariate statistical analysis | 第70-71页 |
| 3.4 RESULTS | 第71-79页 |
| 3.4.1 Weight loss percentage | 第71-72页 |
| 3.4.2 Respiration rate and ethylene production rate | 第72页 |
| 3.4.3 Effect of MT treatment on MDA and H_2O_2 contents | 第72-73页 |
| 3.4.4 Effect of MT treatment on antioxidant enzymes activity | 第73-74页 |
| 3.4.5 Differential metabolites classification | 第74-79页 |
| 3.4.5.1 Sugars | 第76页 |
| 3.4.5.2 Organic acids | 第76-77页 |
| 3.4.5.3 Amino acids | 第77-78页 |
| 3.4.5.4 phenol | 第78-79页 |
| 3.5 DISCUSSION | 第79-81页 |
| 3.6 CONCLUSIONS | 第81-82页 |
| CHAPTER 4 MELATONIN TREATMENT LIMITED ETHYLENE PRODUCTION AND DELAYED POSTHARVEST SENESCENCE IN "FUJI" APPLE | 第82-97页 |
| 4.1 ABSTRACT | 第82页 |
| 4.2 INTRODUCTION | 第82-84页 |
| 4.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第84-88页 |
| 4.3.1 Fruit materials and treatments | 第84页 |
| 4.3.2 Determination of sugars and organic acids | 第84-85页 |
| 4.3.3 Transcriptomic analysis | 第85-87页 |
| 4.3.3.1 Fruit sample and RNA extraction | 第85页 |
| 4.3.3.2 Library preparation and RNA-seq | 第85-86页 |
| 4.3.3.3 Functional classification of transcript sequences and differential gene expression analysis | 第86页 |
| 4.3.3.4 Expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) | 第86-87页 |
| 4.3.4 Statistical analysis | 第87-88页 |
| 4.4 RESULTS | 第88-94页 |
| 4.4.1 Effect of MT treatment physical disorder incidence | 第88页 |
| 4.4.2 Changes in sugars and organic acids | 第88-89页 |
| 4.4.3 RNA-seq and Differential Gene Expression Analysis | 第89-90页 |
| 4.4.4 Functional analysis of differential expressed genes | 第90-92页 |
| 4.4.5 Melatonin inhibites ethylene synthesis through down-regulation of biosynthesis genes | 第92-93页 |
| 4.4.6 qRT-PCR validation of RNA-Seq results | 第93-94页 |
| 4.5 DISCUSSION | 第94-96页 |
| 4.6 CONCLUSION | 第96-97页 |
| CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 第97-99页 |
| 5.1 CONCLUSIONS | 第97-98页 |
| 5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS | 第98-99页 |
| 全文结论 | 第99-100页 |
| REFERENCES | 第100-124页 |
| 致谢(ACKNOWLEDGEMENT) | 第124-125页 |
| 作者简历(RESUME) | 第125页 |
