| 摘要 | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-11页 |
| Introduction | 第11-12页 |
| 1. Culture and language | 第12-18页 |
| ·What is culture and what is language | 第12-13页 |
| ·Relationship between language and culture | 第13-14页 |
| ·Different language and culture, different communicative pattern | 第14-16页 |
| ·Culture and translation | 第16-18页 |
| 2. Cultural differences between China and the West | 第18-21页 |
| ·The characteristics of Chinese culture | 第18-19页 |
| ·The characteristics of Western culture | 第19-20页 |
| ·Mutual interaction and blending of the two cultures | 第20-21页 |
| 3. Idioms: one of the most heavily-culture-loaded language forms | 第21-44页 |
| ·What is an idiom? | 第21-23页 |
| ·Characteristics of idioms | 第22页 |
| ·Idioms: the crystallization of cultures | 第22-23页 |
| ·Relationships between culture and idioms | 第23-24页 |
| ·Influence of British and Chinese cultures on their idioms | 第24-44页 |
| ·Influence of environment and weather upon idioms | 第25-29页 |
| ·Geographical conditions and features reflected in idioms | 第25-27页 |
| ·Influence caused by weather | 第27-28页 |
| ·National characteristics of English and Chinese idioms | 第28-29页 |
| ·Influence of history upon English and Chinese idioms | 第29-32页 |
| ·Influence caused by history | 第29-32页 |
| ·Comparison of English and Chinese idioms of this kind | 第32页 |
| ·Influence of life experiences upon English and Chinese idioms | 第32-38页 |
| ·Idioms about similar life experiences | 第32-33页 |
| ·Idioms about different life experiences | 第33-34页 |
| ·Idioms about customs | 第34-35页 |
| ·Idioms about people’s value | 第35-36页 |
| ·Idioms about numerals | 第36页 |
| ·The influence of psychological pattern on idioms | 第36-38页 |
| ·Influences of religious beliefs upon idioms | 第38-40页 |
| ·British and Chinese religious beliefs | 第38-39页 |
| ·Examples of religion-rooted idioms | 第39-40页 |
| ·Influence of literature upon English and Chinese idioms | 第40-44页 |
| ·Idioms derived from ancient myths, legends, or fables | 第41-42页 |
| ·Novels, plays and idioms | 第42-43页 |
| ·Differences between Chinese and English idioms | 第43-44页 |
| 4. Suggested ways to learn and translate idioms | 第44-57页 |
| ·Suggestions about learning idioms | 第45-46页 |
| ·Necessity of adapting attitudes in the course of learning | 第45页 |
| ·Accumulation of cultural background knowledge | 第45-46页 |
| ·Translating cultures? | 第46-47页 |
| ·Pragmatics and the translation of idioms | 第47-48页 |
| ·Suggested methods to translate idioms | 第48-57页 |
| ·Substitution | 第48-51页 |
| ·Use of equivalents in the target language | 第48-50页 |
| ·Use of almost equal expressions but different images | 第50页 |
| ·Use of similar expressions in the target language | 第50-51页 |
| ·Literal Translation | 第51-54页 |
| ·Direct translation of idioms | 第51页 |
| ·Direct translation for culture’s sake | 第51-54页 |
| ·Meaning translation | 第54页 |
| ·Combination of direct way and indirect way | 第54-57页 |
| ·Literal translation plus annotation | 第54-55页 |
| ·Meaning translation plus literal translation | 第55-57页 |
| Conclusion | 第57-59页 |
| Bibliography | 第59-62页 |
| 致谢 | 第62-63页 |
| 个人简历 | 第63页 |
| 发表的学术论文 | 第63页 |
