| Acknowledgements | 第1-10页 |
| Abstract (English version) | 第10-11页 |
| Abstract (Chinese version) | 第11-12页 |
| Chapter One.Introduction | 第12-18页 |
| ·Increasing popularity of the Chinese language | 第12-13页 |
| ·Pragmatic failure made by foreign students learning Chinese | 第13-14页 |
| ·A brief review of relevant literature | 第14-15页 |
| ·Research questions | 第15-16页 |
| ·Overview of the thesis | 第16-18页 |
| Chapter Two.Literature review | 第18-38页 |
| ·Introduction | 第18页 |
| ·On the relationship between language and culture | 第18-26页 |
| ·The definitions of language and culture | 第18-21页 |
| ·The definitions of language | 第18-19页 |
| ·The definitions of culture | 第19-21页 |
| ·The relationship between language and culture | 第21-24页 |
| ·Language is an integral part of culture | 第22页 |
| ·Language is the carrier of culture | 第22-23页 |
| ·Culture is the base of language | 第23页 |
| ·Inseparability of language and culture | 第23-24页 |
| ·Cultural differences at different levels of language | 第24-26页 |
| ·Pragmatic failure | 第26-34页 |
| ·Pragmatics and pragmatic phenomena | 第27-28页 |
| ·Pragmatic principles | 第28-30页 |
| ·Significance of studying pragmatic failure | 第30-32页 |
| ·Pragmatic failure and its sub-categorization | 第32-34页 |
| ·Theoretical framework | 第34-37页 |
| ·Cultural differences as the underlying causes of pragmatic failure | 第34-35页 |
| ·On the relationship between the study of intercultural communication and the teaching of Chinese as a second language | 第35-37页 |
| ·Summary | 第37-38页 |
| Chapter Three.Data analysis | 第38-70页 |
| ·Methods and procedures | 第38-40页 |
| ·Content of the survey | 第38页 |
| ·Subjects of the survey | 第38-39页 |
| ·Methods of the survey | 第39页 |
| ·Design of the questionnaire | 第39-40页 |
| ·Standard for evaluating the questionnaire | 第40页 |
| ·Result of the survey and its analysis | 第40-70页 |
| ·Result of the questionnaire survey and its analysis | 第40-62页 |
| ·Result of the questionnaire survey | 第40-41页 |
| ·Analysis of pragma-linguistic failures | 第41-47页 |
| ·Analysis of pragma-linguistic failures at the lexical level | 第41-45页 |
| ·Analysis of pragma-linguistic failures at the syntactical level | 第45-47页 |
| ·Analysis of socio-pragmatic failures | 第47-62页 |
| ·Analysis of socio-pragmatic failures regarding cooperative principles | 第48-50页 |
| ·Analysis of socio-pragmatic failures regarding politeness principles | 第50-62页 |
| ·Analysis of socio-pragmatic failures regarding showing concern | 第51-52页 |
| ·Analysis of socio-pragmatic failures regarding refusal | 第52-53页 |
| ·Analysis of socio-pragmatic failures regarding politeness gradations | 第53-55页 |
| ·Analysis of socio-pragmatic failures regarding addressing | 第55-56页 |
| ·Analysis of socio-pragmatic failures regarding compliments and replies | 第56-59页 |
| ·Analysis of socio-pragmatic failures regarding criticism | 第59-60页 |
| ·Analysis of socio-pragmatic failures regarding paying checks | 第60-61页 |
| ·Analysis of socio-pragmatic failures regarding taking leave | 第61页 |
| ·Analysis of socio-pragmatic failures regarding complaints | 第61-62页 |
| ·Result of the interviews | 第62-68页 |
| ·Summary | 第68-70页 |
| Chapter Four.Countermeasures to Chinese pragmatic failure | 第70-85页 |
| ·Introduction | 第70页 |
| ·Importance of cultivating cultural awareness and communicative competence | 第70-74页 |
| ·Pragmatic failures and cultivating cultural awareness and intercultural communicative competence | 第70-71页 |
| ·Cultural awareness | 第71-72页 |
| ·Intercultural communicative competence | 第72-74页 |
| ·Ways of cultivating cultural awareness and communicative competence | 第74-84页 |
| ·Guiding cultural instruction into the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language | 第74-78页 |
| ·The necessity and significance of cultural instruction in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language | 第74-76页 |
| ·The guiding of cultural instruction into the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language | 第76-78页 |
| ·Using movies in an audio-visual course for oral practice | 第78-81页 |
| ·The necessity and significance of using movies in an audio-visual course for oral practice | 第78-79页 |
| ·The using of movies in an audio-visual course for oral practice | 第79-81页 |
| ·Placing the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language in intercultural context | 第81-84页 |
| ·The necessity and significance of placing the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language in intercultural context | 第81-82页 |
| ·Ways of placing the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language in intercultural context | 第82-84页 |
| ·Summary | 第84-85页 |
| Chapter Five.Conclusion | 第85-89页 |
| ·Summary and Significance of the research | 第85-86页 |
| ·Research limitations | 第86-87页 |
| ·Future research orientation | 第87-89页 |
| References | 第89-94页 |
| Appendix Ⅰ | 第94-99页 |
| Appendix Ⅱ | 第99-100页 |
| Appendix Ⅲ | 第100-102页 |
