| 摘要 | 第1-15页 |
| Abstract | 第15-17页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第17-26页 |
| List of Tables | 第26-28页 |
| List of Figures | 第28-29页 |
| List of Symbols and Abbreviations | 第29-32页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第32-53页 |
| ·Complicated Nature of "Reading" | 第33-38页 |
| ·Reading as Meaning Acquisition | 第33-34页 |
| ·Reading as a Process or a Combination of Processes | 第34-35页 |
| ·Reading as a Multivariate Ability | 第35-36页 |
| ·Reading Skills versus Reading Strategies | 第36-38页 |
| ·Role of Background Knowledge in Reading Comprehension | 第38-40页 |
| ·Overview of the Current Study | 第40-53页 |
| ·Rationale for the Study | 第40-42页 |
| ·Definitions of Key Terms | 第42-50页 |
| ·Cultural Background Knowledge | 第42-44页 |
| ·Measures of Situation Model versus Textbase | 第44-46页 |
| ·Product Approach versus Process Approach | 第46-48页 |
| ·Intervention | 第48-50页 |
| ·Objectives of the Study | 第50-51页 |
| ·Organization of the Dissertation | 第51-53页 |
| Part Ⅰ Background Issues | 第53-121页 |
| Chapter 2 Review of Constructs of Studies on Background Knowledge in Reading | 第54-80页 |
| ·Background Knowledge Studies in History | 第54-65页 |
| ·Early Orientations | 第54-58页 |
| ·Huey and Thorndike | 第54-57页 |
| ·Kant and Bartlett | 第57-58页 |
| ·Schema-theoretical Perspectives | 第58-65页 |
| ·Schema and Its Variations | 第59-61页 |
| ·Empirical Studies from Schema-theoretical Perspectives | 第61-63页 |
| ·Limitations of Schema Theory | 第63-65页 |
| ·Recent Studies on Background Knowledge in Reading | 第65-80页 |
| ·General Findings concerning the Effects of Background Knowledge | 第66-68页 |
| ·Interaction with Linguistic Variables | 第68-70页 |
| ·Interaction with Textual Variables | 第70-74页 |
| ·Interaction with Reader Variables | 第74-80页 |
| ·Interaction with Interest | 第74-75页 |
| ·Interaction with Gender | 第75-76页 |
| ·Interaction with Proficiency Level | 第76-80页 |
| Chapter 3 Review of Methods in Recent Studies | 第80-100页 |
| ·Operationalization of Background Knowledge | 第80-87页 |
| ·Methods of Operationalizing Background Knowledge | 第81-84页 |
| ·Limitations of Knowledge Operationalizing Methods | 第84-87页 |
| ·Measures of Text Comprehension | 第87-97页 |
| ·Multiple-choice Questions | 第88-90页 |
| ·Open-ended Questions (including Short-answer Questions) | 第90-92页 |
| ·Written Recall | 第92-97页 |
| ·Niches in Previous Studies | 第97-100页 |
| Chapter 4 Theoretical Framework | 第100-121页 |
| ·Epistemological Foundations of Reading | 第100-111页 |
| ·Reading Theories and Studies Based on Empiricism | 第101-103页 |
| ·Reading Theories and Models Based on Constructivism | 第103-111页 |
| ·Constructivism | 第103-105页 |
| ·Psycholinguistic Guessing Game Model | 第105-106页 |
| ·Interactive-Compensatory Model | 第106-107页 |
| ·Verbal Efficiency Theory | 第107-109页 |
| ·Compensatory-Encoding Model | 第109-110页 |
| ·Construction-Integration Model | 第110-111页 |
| ·Integration of Cognitive and Social Perspectives | 第111-114页 |
| ·Memory and Attention | 第114-119页 |
| ·Baddeley's Model of Working Memory | 第115-117页 |
| ·Attention | 第117-119页 |
| ·Formulation of Hypotheses | 第119-121页 |
| Part Ⅱ Experiment | 第121-252页 |
| Chapter 5 Experimental Design and Data Collection | 第122-141页 |
| ·Research Design | 第122页 |
| ·Participants | 第122-126页 |
| ·Sampling Procedures | 第123-124页 |
| ·Profiles of Participants | 第124-126页 |
| ·Materials | 第126-129页 |
| ·Text 1 | 第126-127页 |
| ·Text 2 | 第127-129页 |
| ·Source and Features of Text 2 | 第127-128页 |
| ·Markings of Text 2 Main Idea | 第128-129页 |
| ·Markings of Information Spanning Texts 1 & 2 | 第129页 |
| ·Instrumentation | 第129-133页 |
| ·Proposition Scheme of Text 2 | 第129-133页 |
| ·Guidelines for Propositionalizing Text 2 | 第130-131页 |
| ·Exceptions to the Guidelines | 第131-133页 |
| ·Template for Scoring Recall Protocols | 第133页 |
| ·Procedures | 第133-139页 |
| ·Collection of Protocols of Recall 1 | 第134-138页 |
| ·Procedures for the T_0 Groups | 第135页 |
| ·Procedures for the T_1 Groups | 第135-136页 |
| ·Procedures for the T_2 Groups | 第136-137页 |
| ·Rationale behind the Decisions on Some Details | 第137-138页 |
| ·Collection of Protocols of Recall 2 | 第138页 |
| ·Collection of Follow-up Questionnaire Responses | 第138-139页 |
| ·Instantiating the Scoring Criteria | 第139-141页 |
| Chapter 6 Quantitative Data Analyses | 第141-180页 |
| ·Marking of Recall Protocols and Calculation of Scores | 第141-144页 |
| ·Marking of Recall Protocols | 第141-142页 |
| ·Inter-rater Reliability | 第142-143页 |
| ·Calculation of Participants' Scores | 第143-144页 |
| ·Statistical Analyses | 第144-149页 |
| ·Analyses on Interest and Difficulty Ratings | 第144-146页 |
| ·Analyses on Intervention Effects | 第146-149页 |
| ·Results of Analyses on Intervention Effects | 第149-171页 |
| ·Effects of Intervention on RC_1 | 第150-157页 |
| ·Different Effects of Intervention on RC_1_Total and RC_1_PD across Levels | 第153-156页 |
| ·Effects of Intervention on RC_1_PM and RC_1_PS | 第156-157页 |
| ·Effects of Intervention on RC_2 | 第157-165页 |
| ·Different Effects of Intervention on RC_2_Total and RC_2_PS across Levels | 第160-164页 |
| ·Effects of Intervention on RC_2_PM | 第164-165页 |
| ·Effects of Proficiency and Intervention on Information Loss in Recall 2 | 第165-171页 |
| ·Between-subjects Effects on Total_loss | 第166-168页 |
| ·Between-subjects Effects on PD_loss | 第168-171页 |
| ·Research Hypotheses Revisited | 第171-175页 |
| ·Hypotheses 1 & 5 Addressed | 第171-173页 |
| ·Hypotheses 4 & 5 Addressed | 第173-175页 |
| ·Interim Findings and Tentative Discussions | 第175-180页 |
| ·Interim Findings | 第175-177页 |
| ·Tentative Discussions | 第177-180页 |
| Chapter 7 Qualitative Data Analyses | 第180-233页 |
| ·Rationale for Qualitative Analysis on Recall Protocols | 第180-188页 |
| ·Alternative Methods in Reading Research | 第181-183页 |
| ·Previous Qualitative Analyses on Immediate Recall Protocols | 第183-186页 |
| ·Rationale behind the Coding System in Current Study | 第186-188页 |
| ·Coding Procedures | 第188-212页 |
| ·First Coding | 第188-190页 |
| ·Descriptions and Examples of the Preliminary Codes | 第190-203页 |
| ·Second Coding | 第203-208页 |
| ·Third Coding | 第208-212页 |
| ·Data Analyses | 第212-233页 |
| ·Test of Independence | 第212-230页 |
| ·Tests of Relationships between Independent Variables and Codes | 第212-221页 |
| ·Tests of Independence at Different Proficiency Levels | 第221-230页 |
| ·Interim Conclusions | 第230-233页 |
| Chapter 8 Instances of Positive and Negative Effects of Interventions | 第233-252页 |
| ·Positive Effects of Intervention Treatments | 第233-242页 |
| ·Illustrations and Elaborations | 第233-234页 |
| ·Integration | 第234-237页 |
| ·Disadvantages of the Control Groups | 第237-242页 |
| ·Negative Effects of Interventions | 第242-252页 |
| ·Negative Transfer of Text 1 Information | 第242-243页 |
| ·Limited Text 1 Information Effect | 第243-244页 |
| ·Inhibition of Text 2 Information Retention | 第244-249页 |
| ·Confusion of Global Relations | 第249-252页 |
| Part Ⅲ Major Findings and Discussions | 第252-272页 |
| Chapter 9 Major Findings and Discussions | 第253-272页 |
| ·Major Findings | 第253-257页 |
| ·Hypotheses 1 & 5 | 第254-255页 |
| ·Hypotheses 2,3 & 5 | 第255-256页 |
| ·Hypotheses 4 & 5 | 第256-257页 |
| ·Discussions | 第257-263页 |
| ·Facilitative Effects of Background Knowledge | 第257-258页 |
| ·Different Background Knowledge Effects across Proficiency Levels | 第258-260页 |
| ·Different Effects of the Two Background Knowledge Interventions | 第260-263页 |
| ·Implications for EFL Reading Pedagogy and Classroom Assessment | 第263-267页 |
| ·Implications for EFL Reading Pedagogy | 第263-265页 |
| ·Implications for Classroom Research and Assessment | 第265-267页 |
| ·Limitations of Current Study and Directions for Future Studies | 第267-270页 |
| ·General Conclusion of the Dissertation | 第270-272页 |
| References | 第272-290页 |
| Appendix 1 Methods in Some Studies on Background Knowledge Effects in Reading | 第290-297页 |
| Appendix 2 Text 1 | 第297-298页 |
| Appendix 3 Group Discussion Worksheet Based on Text 1 | 第298-300页 |
| Appendix 4 Text 2 and Recall Sheet | 第300-303页 |
| Appendix 5 Follow-up Questionnaire | 第303-304页 |
| Appendix 6 Proposition Scheme Based on Text 2 and Scoring Criteria | 第304-309页 |
| Appendix 7 Recall Inter-rater Correlation Matrix | 第309-310页 |
| Appendix 8 Coded Instances of Recall Protocols | 第310-320页 |
