| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第1-7页 |
| CONTENTS | 第7-9页 |
| 1 INTRODUCTION | 第9-11页 |
| 2 The PROBLEM IN CL ASSRO OM INTERACTION AND IT SCAUSES | 第11-18页 |
| 2．1 Students' Lack of Competence in Communication | 第11-12页 |
| 2．2 Causes for students'lack of communicative competence | 第12-18页 |
| 2．2．1 Teacher-centered classroom instruction | 第12-13页 |
| 2．2．2 Teachers'problematic questioning | 第13-18页 |
| 3 SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY | 第18-34页 |
| 3．1 Relatedtheories | 第18-22页 |
| 3．1．1 Behaviorist theory | 第18-19页 |
| 3．1．2 Psycho-cognitive theory | 第19页 |
| 3．1．3 Humanistic theory | 第19-21页 |
| 3．1．3 Socialinteractionist theory | 第21-22页 |
| 3．2 Social constructivist theory | 第22-32页 |
| 3．2．1 Synthesis of social constructivistmodel | 第22-23页 |
| 3．2．2 Social constructi vistview of teachers'beliefs about teaching | 第23-24页 |
| 3．2．3 Social constructi vistview of teachers'beliefs about teachers | 第24-26页 |
| 3．2．3 Social constructivistview of teachers'beliefs about learners | 第26-27页 |
| 3．2．4 Social constructivistview of teachers'beliefs about learning | 第27-30页 |
| 3．2．5 Social constructi vistview of teachers'beliefs about themselves | 第30-32页 |
| 3．3 Toward a synthesis:implications for teachers'questioning | 第32-34页 |
| 4 IMPLICATION AND APPLICATION OF TEACHRERS'QUESTIONING TO CLASSRO OM INTERACTION | 第34-49页 |
| 4．1 Clarifying questioning aims to students | 第34-36页 |
| 4．2 Increasing the number of referential questions | 第36-40页 |
| 4．2．1 Factual questions and reasoning questions | 第36-37页 |
| 4．2．2 Open questions and closed questions． | 第37-38页 |
| 4．2．3 Display questions and referential questions | 第38-40页 |
| 4．3 Modifying questions appropriately | 第40-44页 |
| 4．3．1 Comprehension-oriented modifications | 第40-41页 |
| 4．3．2 Response-oriented modification | 第41-44页 |
| 4．4 Balancing the allocation of questions | 第44-45页 |
| 4．5 Allowingenough waittime for students to think about thequestions | 第45-46页 |
| 4．6 Providingadequate feedback and assessment for students | 第46-49页 |
| 5 CONCLUSION | 第49-53页 |
| REFERENCES | 第53-55页 |
