| 摘要 | 第4-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-7页 |
| Chapte r1 Introduction | 第10-13页 |
| 1.1 Research Background | 第10-11页 |
| 1.2 Purpose of the Study | 第11页 |
| 1.3 Data Collection | 第11-12页 |
| 1.4 Organization of the Thesis | 第12-13页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review and Theoretical Basis | 第13-23页 |
| 2.1 Literature Review | 第13-19页 |
| 2.1.1 Lakoff’s Conceptual Metaphors of Time | 第13-15页 |
| 2.1.2 Time Models Proposed by Evans and Green | 第15-16页 |
| 2.1.3 Domestic Research | 第16-17页 |
| 2.1.4 Comments | 第17-19页 |
| 2.2 Theoretical basis | 第19-23页 |
| 2.2.1 Lakoff’s Conceptual Metaphor | 第19-20页 |
| 2.2.2 Levinson’s Spatial Frames of Reference | 第20-21页 |
| 2.2.3 Temporal Frames of Reference: the Theoretical Framework for the Study | 第21-23页 |
| Chapter 3 Lexical Te mporal Expressions Based on Te mporal Relative Frame of Reference | 第23-37页 |
| 3.1 Relative Frame of Reference with Its Reference Point as the Observer Facing the Past | 第23-30页 |
| 3.1.1 Frontness Equals the Past | 第24-27页 |
| 3.1.2 Backness Equals the Future | 第27-28页 |
| 3.1.3 Time Moving DirectionOpposite to the Observer’s Perspective | 第28-30页 |
| 3.2 Relative Frame of Reference with Its Reference Point as the Observer Facing the Future | 第30-35页 |
| 3.2.1 Backness Equals the Past | 第31页 |
| 3.2.2 Frontness Equals the Future | 第31-33页 |
| 3.2.3 Time Moving and the Observer Seeing in the Same Direction | 第33-35页 |
| 3.3 Summary | 第35-37页 |
| Chapter 4 Grammatical Te mporal Expressions Based on Relative Frame of Reference | 第37-65页 |
| 4.1 Elaboration of Relative Frame of Reference | 第37页 |
| 4.2 Tenses in English | 第37-45页 |
| 4.2.1 The Past Tense: Known Reality | 第39页 |
| 4.2.2 The Present Tense: Immediate Reality | 第39-42页 |
| 4.2.3 The Future Tense: Possible Reality | 第42-44页 |
| 4.2.4 Subjunctive Mood and Euphemism | 第44-45页 |
| 4.3 Aspects in English | 第45-56页 |
| 4.3.1 The Essence of Aspects: the Lengthof Action’s Process | 第46-48页 |
| 4.3.2 The Cognitive Study of Lexical Aspects | 第48-49页 |
| 4.3.3 The Cognitive Study of Grammatical Aspects | 第49-56页 |
| 4.4 Aspects in Chinese | 第56-64页 |
| 4.4.1 LE (了) and GUO (过) Marking Perfective Aspect | 第57-62页 |
| 4.4.2 ZHE (着) and ZAI (在) Marking Progressive Aspect | 第62-64页 |
| 4.5 Summary | 第64-65页 |
| Chapter 5 Intrinsic Frame and Absolute Frame: with an Objective Reference Point | 第65-72页 |
| 5.1 Temporal Intrinsic Frame of Reference | 第65-68页 |
| 5.1.1 Description of Intrinsic Frame of Reference | 第65-66页 |
| 5.1.2 Manifestation of Intrinsic Frame of Reference | 第66-68页 |
| 5.2 Temporal Absolute Frame of Reference | 第68-71页 |
| 5.2.1 Description of Absolute Frame of Reference | 第68-69页 |
| 5.2.2 Manifestation of Absolute Frame of Reference | 第69-71页 |
| 5.3 Summary | 第71-72页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion | 第72-74页 |
| 6.1 Findings of the Study | 第72-73页 |
| 6.2 Limitations of the Study | 第73-74页 |
| References | 第74-80页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第80-81页 |
