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脂肪酶催化的乳脂肪水解对牛乳风味的提升和甘油三酯组成的影响

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT第6-7页
DEDICATION第7-8页
ABSTRACT第8-9页
摘要第10-15页
List of Abbreviations第15-21页
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF RELEVANT第21-48页
    1.1. Introduction第21-39页
        1.1.1. Types of Butter, uses and recent area of research interests第22-27页
            1.1.1.1. Aroma constituents of butter and its derivative第23-24页
            1.1.1.2. Butter/milk fat and off-flavours第24-25页
            1.1.1.3. Butter off-flavours第25页
            1.1.1.4. Oxygen induced butter off-flavours第25-26页
            1.1.1.5. Light induced butter off-flavours第26页
            1.1.1.6. Lipolysis induced butter off-flavours第26页
            1.1.1.7. Microbial butter off-flavour第26-27页
            1.1.1.8. Storage of butter fat第27页
        1.1.2. Lipases, their occurrence and importance in the food industry第27-34页
            1.1.2.1. Lipases from plant sources第29-30页
            1.1.2.2. Lipases from microbial sources第30-32页
            1.1.2.3. Lipases from animal sources第32页
            1.1.2.4. Uses of immobilized lipases in the food industry第32-33页
            1.1.2.5. Supporting insoluble materials common applied in immobilization process第33页
            1.1.2.6. Advantages of using immobilized enzymes over non-immobilized enzymes第33-34页
        1.1.3. Sensory analysis第34页
        1.1.4. Analytical methods第34-35页
        1.1.5. Headspace Solid Phase Micro Extraction第35-37页
        1.1.6. Ultrasonic microwave assistance extraction第37-39页
    1.2. Significance of research第39-40页
    1.3. Objectives of the research第40-41页
        1.3.1. Main objective第40页
        1.3.2. Specific Objectives第40-41页
    1.4. References第41-48页
CHAPTER 2 EFFECTS OF MICROBIAL LIPASES ON HYDROLYZED MILK FAT AT DIFFERENT TIMEINTERVALS IN FLAVOUR DEVELOPMENT AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY第48-70页
    2.1. Introduction第48-49页
    2.2. Materials and Methods第49-53页
        2.2.1. Materials第49页
        2.2.2. Preparation of anhydrous buffalo milk fat第49-50页
        2.2.3. Performance of milk fat hydrolysis reactions第50-52页
        2.2.4. Determination of FFA content第52页
        2.2.5. Oil stability index第52页
        2.2.6. SPME-GC/MS analysis第52页
        2.2.7. Statistical analysis第52-53页
    2.3. Results and Discussion第53-67页
        2.3.1. Kinetics of FFA release from milk fat第53-54页
        2.3.2. Oxidative Stability第54-55页
        2.3.3. SPME-GC/MS analysis of volatile compounds第55-67页
    2.4. Conclusion第67-68页
    2.5. References第68-70页
CHAPTER 3 COMBINED USE OF ULTRASONIC MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE EXTRACTION DURING LIPOLYSIS OF MILK FATS BY LIPASES: THE IMPACT ON VOLATILE COMPOUNDSPRODUCTION第70-90页
    3.1. Introduction第70-71页
    3.2. Materials and Methods第71-75页
        3.2.1. Materials第71页
        3.2.2. Preparation of anhydrous buffalo milk fat第71页
        3.2.3. Performance of milk fat hydrolysis reactions第71-73页
        3.2.4. Determination of FFA content第73-74页
        3.2.5. Oil stability index第74页
        3.2.6. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis第74页
        3.2.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis第74页
        3.2.8. SPME-GC/MS analysis第74页
        3.2.9. Cookies making第74-75页
        3.2.10. Sensory analysis第75页
        3.2.11. Statistical analysis第75页
    3.3. Results and Discussion第75-87页
        3.3.1. FFA release from milk fat第75-76页
        3.3.2. Oxidative Stability第76-78页
        3.3.3. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy第78-79页
        3.3.4. The effect of re-use of immobilized lipase to ultrasonic-microwave irradiation onimmobilized lipase surface morphology第79-81页
        3.3.5. SPME-GC/MS analysis of volatile compounds第81-84页
        3.3.6. Sensory analysis第84-87页
    3.4. Conclusion第87页
    3.5. Reference第87-90页
CHAPTER 4 LIPASE CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS OF ANHYDROUS MILK FATS: IMPACT ONTRIACYLGLYCEROL COMPOSITION, MELTING AND CRYSTALLIZATION PROFILES第90-112页
    4.1. Introduction第90-92页
    4.2. Materials and Methods第92-94页
        4.2.1. Materials第92页
        4.2.2. Fatty acid analysis第92页
        4.2.3. Performance of milk fat hydrolysis reactions第92页
        4.2.4. Ultra Pressure Liquid Chromatography Analysis第92-93页
        4.2.5. Mass Spectrometry Conditions第93页
        4.2.6. Melting and crystallization profile conditions第93页
        4.2.7. Powder X-Ray Diffraction Analysis第93页
        4.2.8. Solid fat content analysis第93页
        4.2.9. Statistical Analysis第93-94页
    4.3. Results and Discussion第94-108页
        4.3.1. Fatty acids composition第94页
        4.3.2. Triacylglycerols第94-102页
        4.3.3. Melting and crystallization profiles第102-105页
        4.3.4. Polymorphism第105-107页
        4.3.5. Solid fat content第107-108页
    4.4. Conclusion第108-109页
    4.5. References第109-112页
CHAPTER 5 INFLUENCE OF LIPASE UNDER ULTRASONIC MICROWAVE ASSISTED EXTRACTIONON TRIACYLGLYCEROL DISTRIBUTION AND MELTING PROFILES DURING LIPOLYSISOF MILK FAT第112-140页
    5.1 Introduction第112-113页
    5.2. Materials and methods第113-114页
        5.2.1. Materials第113页
        5.2.2. Preparation of anhydrous buffalo milk fat第113页
        5.2.3. Performance of milk fat hydrolysis reactions第113页
        5.2.4. Fatty acid analysis第113-114页
        5.2.5. Sn_2 fatty acid analysis第114页
        5.2.6. Ultra pressure liquid chromatography analysis第114页
        5.2.7. Mass spectrometry conditions第114页
        5.2.8. Melting profiles conditions第114页
        5.2.9. Solid fat content analysis第114页
        5.2.10. Powder X-Ray Diffraction Analysis第114页
        5.2.11. Statistical analysis第114页
    5.3. Results and discussion第114-136页
        5.3.1. Fatty acid composition第114-115页
        5.3.2. Sn_2 fatty acid composition第115-116页
        5.3.3. Triacylglycerol identification and distribution第116-128页
        5.3.4. Melting and crystallization profiles第128-132页
        5.3.5. Solid fat content第132-134页
        5.3.6. Polymorphism第134-136页
    5.4. Conclusion第136-137页
    5.5. References第137-140页
CHAPTER 6 IMPACTS ON VOLATILE COMPOUNDS OF LIPOLYZED MILK FATS DURING STORAGE第140-167页
    6.1 Introduction第140-141页
    6.2. Materials and methods第141-142页
        6.2.1. Materials第141页
        6.2.2. Preparation of anhydrous buffalo milk fat第141页
        6.2.3. Performance of milk fat hydrolysis reactions第141页
        6.2.4. SPME-GC/MS analysis第141页
        6.2.5. Oil stability index第141页
        6.2.6. Melting profiles conditions第141页
        6.2.7. Statistical analysis第141-142页
    6.3. Results and discussion第142-164页
        6.3.1. Volatile compounds during shelf life study第142-159页
        6.3.2. Oxidative stability第159-160页
        6.3.3. Melting profiles of AMF and lipase treated AMF samples第160-161页
        6.3.4. Crystallization profiles of AMF and lipase treated AMF samples第161-162页
        6.3.5. Melting profiles of ABF and lipase treated ABF samples第162-163页
        6.3.6. Crystallization profiles of ABF and lipase treated ABF samples第163-164页
    6.4. Conclusion第164-165页
    6.5. References第165-167页
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS第167-169页
    Key innovations of the thesis第167-168页
    Recommendations第168-169页
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS第169-170页
Appendix第170-171页

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