| 摘要 | 第1-3页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第3-5页 |
| Chapter I Introduction | 第5-8页 |
| Chapter II Literature Review | 第8-15页 |
| ·The Traditional Translation Theories in China | 第8-10页 |
| ·The General Situation of Functionalist Translation Theory Study | 第10-14页 |
| ·Katharina Reiss's Functional Category of Translation Criticism | 第10-11页 |
| ·Hans J. Vermeer and Nord's Skopostheorie | 第11-12页 |
| ·Justa Holz-Ma|¨ntta|¨ri's Theory of Translational Action | 第12页 |
| ·Peter Newmark's Classification of Text Functions | 第12-13页 |
| ·Eugene A. Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory | 第13-14页 |
| ·Hypothesis in the Light of Functionalist Approach | 第14-15页 |
| Chapter III Generalization on Placard and Its Translation | 第15-36页 |
| ·Definition of Placard | 第15页 |
| ·Classification of Placard | 第15-17页 |
| ·Structure of English Placard | 第17-18页 |
| ·Practical Functions of Placard | 第18-19页 |
| ·Characteristics of Placard | 第19-22页 |
| ·Similarities and Differences between Chinese and English Placards | 第22-23页 |
| ·Translation of Chinese Placard | 第23-36页 |
| Chapter IV Some Common Errors in Translating | 第36-44页 |
| ·Errors in Language | 第36-39页 |
| ·Chinglish Expressions | 第36-37页 |
| ·Improper Words | 第37-38页 |
| ·Grammar Errors | 第38-39页 |
| ·Obscure Translation | 第39页 |
| ·Pragmatic Failure | 第39-41页 |
| ·Pragmatic Failure Occurs in Normative Environment | 第40页 |
| ·The Translator Uses Wrong English Structure | 第40-41页 |
| ·The Politeness of Language Changes | 第41页 |
| ·Errors in Culture | 第41-44页 |
| Chapter V Conclusion | 第44-45页 |
| Bibliography | 第45-47页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第47-48页 |
| Theses Published during M.A. Study | 第48页 |
