| Abstract | 第1-4页 |
| 摘要 | 第4-5页 |
| Content | 第5-7页 |
| Introduction | 第7-13页 |
| Chapter Ⅰ Literature review | 第13-22页 |
| ·A brief history of "de" | 第13-14页 |
| ·Previous studies on the usages of "de" | 第14-15页 |
| ·Previous studies on the number of "de" | 第15-18页 |
| ·Previous studies on nominalization | 第18-22页 |
| Chapter Ⅱ The number of "de" in a clause | 第22-36页 |
| ·Data collection | 第22-24页 |
| ·The maximum of "de" in a clause | 第24-30页 |
| ·The optimum number of "de" in a Pianzheng structure | 第30-32页 |
| ·Skills of deleting "de" | 第32-36页 |
| ·Direct modification | 第32-33页 |
| ·Variation | 第33-36页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ "de" as a substitute word | 第36-42页 |
| ·"de" as a substitute word and its application in translation | 第36-39页 |
| ·Other sentence patterns of "de" as a substitute | 第39-40页 |
| ·"de" as a substitute word in scientific and legal writing | 第40-42页 |
| Chapter Ⅳ Unnecessary nominalization | 第42-48页 |
| ·Categories of nominalization in E-C translation | 第42-48页 |
| ·The first one:N+V, without "de" | 第42页 |
| ·The second one:a weak verb+"de"+verb | 第42-44页 |
| ·The third one:N+"de"+V | 第44-45页 |
| ·The forth one:preposition+N+"de"+V | 第45-48页 |
| Chapter Ⅴ The significance of this study | 第48-52页 |
| ·Avoid formulized translation | 第48-50页 |
| ·Call in the concept of elegance | 第50-52页 |
| Conclusion | 第52-54页 |
| Appendix | 第54-55页 |
| Reference | 第55-58页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第58页 |
