| 摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| Abstract | 第7页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第10-16页 |
| 1.1 Research Background | 第10-13页 |
| 1.1.1 Definition and Classification of Hedges | 第10-12页 |
| 1.1.2 Previous Studies on Hedges | 第12-13页 |
| 1.2 Objectives and Significance of the Study | 第13-14页 |
| 1.3 Research Method | 第14-16页 |
| Chapter Two Theoretical Foundation | 第16-23页 |
| 2.1 Cooperative Principle | 第16-18页 |
| 2.1.1 Maxims of Conversation | 第16-17页 |
| 2.1.2 Floutings of the Maxims | 第17-18页 |
| 2.2 Conversational Implicature | 第18-23页 |
| 2.2.1 Definition of Implicature | 第18-19页 |
| 2.2.2 Properties of Conversational Implicature | 第19-23页 |
| 2.2.2.1 Cancellability | 第19页 |
| 2.2.2.2 Non-detachability | 第19-20页 |
| 2.2.2.3 Calculability | 第20-21页 |
| 2.2.2.4 Non-conventionality | 第21页 |
| 2.2.2.5 Indeterminacy | 第21-23页 |
| Chapter Three Statistic Description of Hedges in English Political News Reports | 第23-31页 |
| 3.1 Overall View of Hedges in EPNRs | 第23-24页 |
| 3.2 Distribution of Different Types of Hedges in EPNRs | 第24-30页 |
| 3.2.1 Subtypes of Approximators | 第25-27页 |
| 3.2.1.1 Adaptors | 第25-26页 |
| 3.2.1.2 Rounders | 第26-27页 |
| 3.2.2 Subtypes of Shields | 第27-30页 |
| 3.2.2.1 Plausibility Shields | 第28-29页 |
| 3.2.2.2 Attribution shields | 第29-30页 |
| 3.3 Summary | 第30-31页 |
| Chapter Four Analysis of Conversational Implicature Presented by Hedges in EnglishPolitical News Reports | 第31-56页 |
| 4.1 Conversational Implicature Realized by Approximators in EPNRs | 第31-39页 |
| 4.1.1 Floutings of Maxims of Conversation through Approximators | 第31-33页 |
| 4.1.2 Pragmatic Features of Approximators | 第33-39页 |
| 4.1.2.1 Cancellability of Implicature by Approximators | 第34-35页 |
| 4.1.2.2 Non-detachability of Implicature by Approximators | 第35页 |
| 4.1.2.3 Calculability of Implicature by Approximators | 第35-36页 |
| 4.1.2.4 Non-conventionality of Implicature by Approximators | 第36-38页 |
| 4.1.2.5 Indeterminacy of Implicature by Approximators | 第38-39页 |
| 4.2 Conversational Implicature Realized by Shields in EPNRs | 第39-47页 |
| 4.2.1 Floutings of Maxims of Conversation through Shields | 第39-42页 |
| 4.2.2 Pragmatic Features of Shields | 第42-47页 |
| 4.2.2.1 Cancellability of Implicature by Shields | 第42-43页 |
| 4.2.2.2 Non-detachability of Implicature by Shields | 第43-44页 |
| 4.2.2.3 Calculability of Implicature by Shields | 第44-45页 |
| 4.2.2.4 Non-conventionality of Implicature by Shields | 第45-46页 |
| 4.2.2.5 Indeterminacy of Implicature by Shields | 第46-47页 |
| 4.3 Pragmatic Functions of Hedges in EPNRs | 第47-56页 |
| 4.3.1 Objectivity vs.Subjectivity | 第48-51页 |
| 4.3.2 Allowance for Leeway | 第51-53页 |
| 4.3.3 Efficiency | 第53-56页 |
| Chapter Five Conclusion | 第56-59页 |
| 5.1 Major Findings | 第56-57页 |
| 5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study | 第57-59页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第59-60页 |
| Bibliography | 第60-63页 |
| Paper Published | 第63-64页 |
| Appendix 1 | 第64-65页 |
