| Acknowledgements | 第1-7页 |
| Abstract | 第7-8页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-9页 |
| Contents | 第9-12页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第12-13页 |
| List of Tables | 第13-14页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第14-18页 |
| ·Research topic | 第14页 |
| ·Rationale of the study | 第14-15页 |
| ·The importance of PI concerning hedges in communication | 第14-15页 |
| ·Necessity to present PI concerning hedges in ECLDs | 第15页 |
| ·Research questions and methodology | 第15-16页 |
| ·Research questions | 第15-16页 |
| ·Methodology | 第16页 |
| ·Outline of the thesis | 第16-18页 |
| Chapter Two Studies of PI Concerning Hedges and PI in LDs | 第18-30页 |
| ·Previous researches on hedges | 第18-20页 |
| ·Previous researches on hedges | 第18-19页 |
| ·Previous researches on hedges from a pragmatic perspective | 第19-20页 |
| ·The concern over hedges in the present study | 第20-24页 |
| ·Hedges as a textual device in discourse | 第21页 |
| ·The classification of hedges from the perspective of pragmatics | 第21-24页 |
| ·The concern over hedges in the present study | 第24页 |
| ·The importance of PI in LDs | 第24-30页 |
| ·Pragmatics and PI | 第24-26页 |
| ·The importance of PI in LDs | 第26-30页 |
| Chapter Three Incorporation of PI Concerning Hedges in Current Mainstream ELDs and ECLDs | 第30-51页 |
| ·Introduction | 第30-31页 |
| ·Analysis of PI concerning hedges in current mainstream ELDs | 第31-43页 |
| ·An overview | 第31页 |
| ·LDOCE 4~(th) | 第31-33页 |
| ·OALD 6~(th) | 第33-35页 |
| ·COBUILD | 第35-37页 |
| ·CALD | 第37-38页 |
| ·Macmillan | 第38-40页 |
| ·Summary | 第40-43页 |
| ·Analysis of PI concerning hedges in three China-made ECLDs | 第43-51页 |
| ·An overview | 第43-44页 |
| ·NAECD | 第44-45页 |
| ·MFDCETL | 第45-46页 |
| ·NCMFECD | 第46-47页 |
| ·Summary | 第47-51页 |
| Chapter Four Analyses on Pragmatic Failure Committed by Chinese Learners of English at Using Hedges | 第51-61页 |
| ·Introduction | 第51页 |
| ·Pragmatic failure | 第51-53页 |
| ·Definition of pragmatic failure | 第51-52页 |
| ·Classification of pragmatic failure | 第52-53页 |
| ·Pragmatic failure concerning hedges | 第53-54页 |
| ·Experimental study | 第54-61页 |
| ·Introduction of the experiment | 第54-55页 |
| ·Results of the experiment | 第55-56页 |
| ·Analysis of the experimental result | 第56-61页 |
| Chapter Five A Proposed Presentation Model for Presenting PI Concerning Hedges in ECLDs | 第61-69页 |
| ·Introduction | 第61页 |
| ·The Presentation model | 第61-66页 |
| ·The macro-structural level | 第62页 |
| ·The micro-structural level | 第62-65页 |
| ·A Model for presenting PI concerning hedges in ECLDs | 第65-66页 |
| ·Samples based on the above presentation model in an ECLD | 第66-69页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusion | 第69-72页 |
| ·Research findings | 第69-70页 |
| ·Innovations and limitations | 第70-71页 |
| ·Innovations of the study | 第70页 |
| ·Limitations of the study | 第70-71页 |
| ·Implications and suggestions for further study | 第71-72页 |
| Bibliography | 第72-76页 |
| Appendix A:Test Paper | 第76-77页 |
| Appendix B:Questionnaire | 第77-78页 |
| 在学校期间发表论文清单 | 第78页 |
