| Abstract | 第1-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-9页 |
| Introduction | 第9-13页 |
| Chapter One Literature Review | 第13-29页 |
| ·Pragmatics Studies Abroad and at Home | 第13-22页 |
| ·Pragmatics Studies Abroad | 第13-19页 |
| ·Pragmatics Studies at Home | 第19-22页 |
| ·Status Quo of Public Sign Studies | 第22-28页 |
| ·Studies Abroad | 第22-24页 |
| ·Studies at Home | 第24-28页 |
| ·Limitations and Enlightenment of the Former Studies | 第28-29页 |
| Chapter Two An Overview of Public Signs | 第29-41页 |
| ·Definition of Public Signs | 第29-30页 |
| ·Functions of Public Signs | 第30-34页 |
| ·Characteristics of Public Signs | 第34-39页 |
| ·Characteristics of English Public Signs | 第34-36页 |
| ·Characteristics of Chinese Public Signs | 第36-37页 |
| ·Common Characteristics of Chinese and Ennlish Public Signs | 第37-39页 |
| ·Categorization of Public Signs | 第39-41页 |
| Chapter Three Pragmatic Failures in Translating Chinese Public Signs | 第41-57页 |
| ·Pragmatic Failures | 第41-46页 |
| ·Pragmalinguistic Failures | 第43-44页 |
| ·Sociopragmatic Failures | 第44-46页 |
| ·Quantitative Analysis of the Collected Data | 第46-47页 |
| ·Pragmalinguistic Failures in Public Sign Translation | 第47-52页 |
| ·Non-equivalent Semantic Connotation | 第47-50页 |
| ·Non-equivalent Pragmatic Principles | 第50-52页 |
| ·Sociopragmatic Failures in Public Sign Translation | 第52-55页 |
| ·Sociopragmatic Failures Concerning Cultural and Value System | 第52-53页 |
| ·Sociopragmatic Failures Concerning Politeness | 第53-54页 |
| ·Sociopragmatic Failures Concerning Chinese Characteristics | 第54-55页 |
| ·Summary | 第55-57页 |
| Chapter Four Causes of Pragmatic Failures in Translating Chinese Public Signs | 第57-67页 |
| ·Causes of Pragmalinguistic Failures | 第57-60页 |
| ·Negative Transfer of Semantic Equivalence | 第57-59页 |
| ·Negative Transfer of Syntactic Equivalence | 第59-60页 |
| ·Causes of Sociopragmatic Failures | 第60-65页 |
| ·Ignorance of Different Associative Meanings | 第61-62页 |
| ·Inappropriate Mood and Tone | 第62-63页 |
| ·Culture Default in Translation Text | 第63-65页 |
| ·Summary | 第65-67页 |
| Chapter Five Strategies for Avoiding Pragmatic Failures in Translating Chinese Public Signs | 第67-77页 |
| ·Strategies of Sernantic Translation | 第67-68页 |
| ·Strategies of Communicative Translation | 第68-72页 |
| ·Conforming to the Principle of Simplification and Conciseness | 第69-70页 |
| ·Conforming to the Principle of Loan Translation | 第70-71页 |
| ·Conforming to the Target Culture | 第71页 |
| ·Conforming to the Converse Translation | 第71-72页 |
| ·No Translating for the Peculiar Culture of the Original | 第72页 |
| ·Strategies of Aesthetics-oriented Translation | 第72-74页 |
| ·Imitating Translation | 第72-73页 |
| ·Creating Translation | 第73-74页 |
| ·Strategies from the Angle of Management | 第74-77页 |
| ·Establishing Relevant Organizations and Websites | 第74-75页 |
| ·Establishing Supervision Mechanism | 第75-77页 |
| Conclusion | 第77-79页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第79-81页 |
| Bibliography | 第81-85页 |
| Academic Achievements | 第85-87页 |
| Appendix | 第87-88页 |
