| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第7-8页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第8页 |
| 摘要 | 第9-13页 |
| CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION | 第13-21页 |
| 1.1 Background | 第13-20页 |
| 1.1.1 Introduction to Patent Translation | 第13-14页 |
| 1.1.2 Introduction to Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority | 第14-19页 |
| 1.1.3 Introduction to WOSA Translation in RWS Group | 第19-20页 |
| 1.2 Research Methodology | 第20-21页 |
| CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW | 第21-28页 |
| 2.1 Studies on Patent Documents and Patent Translation | 第21-24页 |
| 2.1.1 Studies on Patent Documents | 第21-22页 |
| 2.1.2 Studies on Patent Translation | 第22-24页 |
| 2.2 Studies on Translation of Common Words in Legal Descriptions | 第24-28页 |
| 2.2.1 Studies on Common Words in Legal Descriptions | 第24-25页 |
| 2.2.2 Translation Principles and Translation Techniques of Common Words in LegalDescriptions | 第25-28页 |
| CHAPTER III DATA COLLECTION AND PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 第28-48页 |
| 3.1 Data Collection | 第28-42页 |
| 3.1.1 Text Classification and Stratified Random Sampling | 第28-30页 |
| 3.1.2 Data Collection and Analysis | 第30-37页 |
| 3.1.3 Database Establishment | 第37-39页 |
| 3.1.4 Databases Searching and Analysis | 第39-42页 |
| 3.2 Problems Identified | 第42-46页 |
| 3.2.1 Lack of Formality | 第42-44页 |
| 3.2.2 Lack of Accuracy | 第44-45页 |
| 3.2.3 Lack of Vagueness | 第45-46页 |
| 3.3 Reasons for Problems | 第46-48页 |
| 3.3.1 Insufficient Knowledge about Chinese Common Words in Legal Descriptions | 第46-47页 |
| 3.3.2 Insufficient Knowledge about English Common Words in Legal Descriptions | 第47-48页 |
| CHAPTER IV TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES OF COMMON WORDS IN LEGALDESCRIPTIONS IN WOSA | 第48-71页 |
| 4.1 Translation Techniques for Maintaining Formality | 第49-58页 |
| 4.1.1 Using Professional Legal Terms | 第49-52页 |
| 4.1.2 Using Old English | 第52-56页 |
| 4.1.3 Using Borrowed Words | 第56-58页 |
| 4.2 Translation Techniques for Maintaining Accuracy | 第58-65页 |
| 4.2.1 Using Exact Limitation Words | 第59-63页 |
| 4.2.2 Avoid Using Demonstrative Determiners/Pronouns | 第63-65页 |
| 4.3 Translation Techniques for Maintaining Vagueness | 第65-71页 |
| 4.3.1 Using Proper Modal Verbs | 第65-67页 |
| 4.3.2 Using Vague Words | 第67-71页 |
| CHAPTER V CONCLUSION | 第71-73页 |
| 5.1 Major Findings | 第71-72页 |
| 5.2 Suggestions and Prospects | 第72-73页 |
| REFERENCES | 第73-75页 |
