| Acknowledgements | 第1-7页 |
| Preface in Chinese | 第7-15页 |
| Abstract in English | 第15-16页 |
| Abstract in Chinese | 第16-17页 |
| Chapter one Comparison between the spoken and written languages | 第17-27页 |
| 1．1 The priority of speech | 第18-19页 |
| 1．2 The unification of the written language | 第19-21页 |
| 1．3 Structural differences between the spoken and written languages | 第21-27页 |
| 1．3．1 Fragmentation and integration | 第21-24页 |
| 1．3．2 Involvement and detachment | 第24-27页 |
| Chapter two Aspects of written features in the oral output | 第27-34页 |
| 2．1 From the phonetic aspect | 第27-30页 |
| 2．1．1 Contraction | 第28页 |
| 2．1．2 Stress | 第28-30页 |
| 2．2 From the lexical aspect | 第30-31页 |
| 2．3 From the syntactic aspect | 第31-32页 |
| 2．4 From the textual aspect | 第32-34页 |
| Chapter three Causes for written features | 第34-45页 |
| 3．1 From the perspective of language input | 第36-41页 |
| 3．1．1 English teacher talk | 第36-38页 |
| 3．1．2 English teaching material | 第38-40页 |
| 3．1．3 Learners' exposure | 第40-41页 |
| 3．2 From the perspective of processing information | 第41-45页 |
| Chapter four Solutions to the problem | 第45-48页 |
| Chapter five Conclusion | 第48-51页 |
| References | 第51-53页 |
