| Abstract | 第1-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-8页 |
| Contents | 第8-11页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第11-15页 |
| ·Significance of the Present Research | 第11-12页 |
| ·Objectives of the Present Research | 第12页 |
| ·Data Collection and Research Methodology | 第12-13页 |
| ·Data Collection | 第12-13页 |
| ·Research Methodology | 第13页 |
| ·Organization of the Thesis | 第13-15页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第15-27页 |
| ·Relevant Research on Public Signs | 第15-16页 |
| ·Definition and Application Scope of Public Signs | 第15-16页 |
| ·Classification of Public Signs | 第16页 |
| ·Brief Introduction of FPSs | 第16-21页 |
| ·Definition of FPSs | 第16-17页 |
| ·Characteristics of FPSs | 第17-20页 |
| ·Present Research Situation of FPSs | 第20-21页 |
| ·Research on Pragmatic Failure | 第21-27页 |
| ·Definition of Pragmatic Failure | 第21-22页 |
| ·Classification of Pragmatic Failure | 第22-23页 |
| ·Historical Review of Pragmatic Failure | 第23-27页 |
| Chapter Three Theoretical Framework | 第27-41页 |
| ·Historical Review of Equivalence Theory | 第27-30页 |
| ·Pragmatic Equivalence Theory | 第30-34页 |
| ·Pragmatic Equivalence as a Development of Nida's Dynamic Equivalence | 第30-32页 |
| ·Pragmatic Equivalence as an Approach to Translation | 第32-34页 |
| ·Factors Affecting Pragmatic Equivalence Theory | 第34-39页 |
| ·Pragmatic Meaning | 第34-35页 |
| ·Context | 第35-36页 |
| ·Relevance | 第36-38页 |
| ·Cognition | 第38-39页 |
| ·Feasibility of Applying Pragmatic Equivalence Theory to C-E Translation of FPSs | 第39-41页 |
| Chapter Four Pragmatic Failures in C-E Translation of FPSs fromPragmatic Equivalence Theory | 第41-53页 |
| ·Pragmatic Failures in C-E Translation of FPSs | 第41-47页 |
| ·Pragma-linguistic Failures in C-E Translation of FPSs | 第41-44页 |
| ·Socio-pragmatic Failures in C-E Translation of FPSs | 第44-47页 |
| ·Causes for Pragmatic Failures in C-E Translation of FPSs | 第47-53页 |
| ·Linguistic Differences Between Chinese and English | 第47-48页 |
| ·Cultural Differences Between Chinese and English | 第48-50页 |
| ·Subjective Causes | 第50-53页 |
| Chapter Five Avoidance Strategies for Pragmatic Failures in C-ETranslation of FPSs from Pragmatic Equivalence Theory | 第53-65页 |
| ·Avoidance Strategies for Pragma-linguistic Failures in View of Pragma-linguistic Equivalence | 第53-58页 |
| ·Borrowism | 第53-54页 |
| ·Formulaic Translation | 第54-56页 |
| ·Amplification | 第56页 |
| ·Omission | 第56-58页 |
| ·Avoidance Strategies for Socio-pragmatic Failures in View of Socio-pragmatic Equivalence | 第58-61页 |
| ·Changing tones | 第58-59页 |
| ·Translation in Accordance with Contexts | 第59-60页 |
| ·Rewriting | 第60页 |
| ·Non-Translation Strategy | 第60-61页 |
| ·Avoidance Strategies for Pragmatic Failures Taken by Different Roles in C-E Translation of FPSs | 第61-65页 |
| ·Role of Sign Author | 第61-62页 |
| ·Role of Translator | 第62页 |
| ·Role of Target Reader | 第62-63页 |
| ·Role of Government Functional Department | 第63-65页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusion | 第65-67页 |
| ·Achievement of the Research | 第65-66页 |
| ·Limitations of the Research | 第66页 |
| ·Enlightenments for Future Study | 第66-67页 |
| Bibliography | 第67-70页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第70页 |
