| 摘要 | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-12页 |
| Introduction | 第12-16页 |
| ·Objectives of the Study | 第12-13页 |
| ·Significance of the Study | 第13-14页 |
| ·Methodology of the Study | 第14页 |
| ·Organization of the Thesis | 第14-15页 |
| ·Summary | 第15-16页 |
| Chapter 1 A Review of Previous Studies | 第16-32页 |
| ·Definitions of Reference | 第16-18页 |
| ·Classifications of Reference | 第18-20页 |
| ·Existing Approaches to the Study of Reference in English | 第20-29页 |
| ·A Philosophical and Semantic Approach | 第20-22页 |
| ·A Syntactic Approach | 第22页 |
| ·A Pragmatic Approach | 第22-23页 |
| ·A Functional Approach | 第23-25页 |
| ·A Cognitive Approach | 第25-29页 |
| ·Summary | 第29-32页 |
| Chapter 2 Theoretical Foundation of the Study | 第32-42页 |
| ·An Introduction of Adaptation Theory | 第32-36页 |
| ·Context in Adaptation Theory | 第36-39页 |
| ·Communicative Context | 第37-38页 |
| ·Language Users | 第37页 |
| ·The Mental World | 第37-38页 |
| ·The Social World | 第38页 |
| ·The Physical World | 第38页 |
| ·Linguistic Context | 第38-39页 |
| ·Summary | 第39-42页 |
| Chapter 3 Reference as Adaptation to Communicative Context | 第42-68页 |
| ·Reference as Adaptation to the Utterer's Voice | 第42-45页 |
| ·Reference as Adaptation to the Mental World | 第45-58页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Utterer's Mental World | 第45-54页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Utterer's Intention | 第46-49页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Utterer's Motivation | 第49-50页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Utterer's Emotion | 第50-51页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Utterer's Personality Traits | 第51-54页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Interpreter's Mental World | 第54-58页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Mental World of the Audience | 第54-57页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Opponent's Mental World | 第57-58页 |
| ·Reference as Adaptation to the Social World | 第58-63页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Interpreter's Political Position | 第59-61页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Interpreter's Political Party | 第61-63页 |
| ·Reference as Adaptation to the Physical World | 第63-67页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Make-up of the Audience | 第64-65页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Mass Media Reporting the Debates | 第65-67页 |
| ·Summary | 第67-68页 |
| Chapter 4 Reference as Adaptation to Linguistic Context | 第68-74页 |
| ·Reference as Adaptation to Contextual Cohesion | 第68-70页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Cohesion within a Sentence | 第68-69页 |
| ·Adaptation to the Cohesion between Sentences | 第69-70页 |
| ·Reference as Adaptation to Linguistic Convention | 第70-73页 |
| ·Summary | 第73-74页 |
| Conclusion | 第74-78页 |
| Bibliography | 第78-84页 |
| Appendix I | 第84-90页 |
| Appendix II | 第90-92页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第92-94页 |
