| 摘要 | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-9页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第9-12页 |
| ·Research question | 第9页 |
| ·Background of the study | 第9-10页 |
| ·Purpose of the study | 第10-11页 |
| ·Significance of the study | 第11页 |
| ·Layout of the thesis | 第11-12页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review | 第12-33页 |
| ·Definitions of washback effect | 第12-14页 |
| ·Washback mechanisms | 第14-21页 |
| ·Alderson and Wall's washback hypothesis | 第15-16页 |
| ·Hughes' washback model | 第16-19页 |
| ·Prodromou's overt-covert washback model | 第19-21页 |
| ·The nature of washbacak effect | 第21-25页 |
| ·Positive washback effect and negative washback effect | 第21-23页 |
| ·Proposals to promote positive washback effect | 第23-25页 |
| ·TEM8 and related washback research | 第25-33页 |
| ·Overview of TEM8 | 第25-27页 |
| ·The main restructuring of TEM8 since 2005 | 第27-31页 |
| ·The empirical studies about washback effect of TEM8 | 第31-33页 |
| Chapter 3 Research Method | 第33-39页 |
| ·Research objectives | 第33页 |
| ·Research Design | 第33-36页 |
| ·Subjects | 第34页 |
| ·Instruments | 第34-36页 |
| ·Data collection method | 第36-37页 |
| ·Data analysis method | 第37页 |
| ·Validity and reliability | 第37-39页 |
| Chapter 4 Findings and Discussions | 第39-61页 |
| ·Introduction | 第39-44页 |
| ·Participant TEM8 results | 第39-40页 |
| ·Participants' knowledge of TEM8 restructuring | 第40-41页 |
| ·Questionnaire data collected | 第41-44页 |
| ·Participants' attitudes towards general washback effects of TEM8 restructuring | 第44-47页 |
| ·Student perspective | 第44-46页 |
| ·Teacher perspective | 第46-47页 |
| ·Participants' attitudes towards specific washback effects of TEM8 restructuring | 第47-57页 |
| ·Washback effects of the restructuring of testing time and weighting | 第47-50页 |
| ·Washback effects of the restructuring of testing content | 第50-54页 |
| ·Washback effects of the readjustment of testing on competence | 第54-57页 |
| ·Summary | 第57-61页 |
| Chapter 5 Conclusion | 第61-64页 |
| ·Summary of major findings | 第61-62页 |
| ·Suggestions to promote positive washback of TEM8 | 第62页 |
| ·Limitations of the study | 第62页 |
| ·Recommendations for further research | 第62-64页 |
| References | 第64-67页 |
| Appendix Ⅰ Student Questionnaire | 第67-70页 |
| Appendix Ⅱ Teacher Questionnaire | 第70-73页 |
| Appendix Ⅲ Student Interview Questions | 第73-74页 |
| Appendix Ⅳ Teacher Interview Questions | 第74-75页 |
| Appendix Ⅴ Questionnaire Statistical Data | 第75-78页 |
| Publications | 第78-79页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第79-80页 |
| Resume | 第80页 |
