| Abstract | 第1-9页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第9-11页 |
| List of Tables | 第11-12页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第12-13页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第13-16页 |
| ·Background | 第13-14页 |
| ·The significance of the present thesis | 第14页 |
| ·Research questions of the present thesis | 第14页 |
| ·Organization of the present thesis | 第14-16页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第16-27页 |
| ·Theoretical controversies on the role of L1 in L2 acquisition | 第16-18页 |
| ·The behaviorist stance | 第16页 |
| ·The mentalist stance | 第16-17页 |
| ·The cognitivist stance | 第17-18页 |
| ·Empirical findings related to effect of L1 thinking on L2 acquisition | 第18-21页 |
| ·Existence of L1 thinking in L2 acquisition | 第18-20页 |
| ·Effect of L1 thinking on L2 acquisition | 第20-21页 |
| ·Empirical studies about Ll thinking effect on L2 speaking | 第21页 |
| ·Explanations for the poor spoken English | 第21-25页 |
| ·Nativist theory’s explanations for the poor spoken English | 第22页 |
| ·Age hypotheses explanations for the poor spoken English | 第22-23页 |
| ·Poor spoken English is caused by motivation | 第23页 |
| ·Poor spoken English is caused by exterior factors | 第23-25页 |
| ·Poor spoken English is caused by the internal differences between learning of L1 and L2 | 第25页 |
| ·Comments on the previous studies | 第25-27页 |
| Chapter Three Theoretical Framework | 第27-31页 |
| ·Knowledge linguistics theory | 第27页 |
| ·Schema theory | 第27-29页 |
| ·The view of the present study based on the theoretical framework | 第29-31页 |
| Chapter Four Methodology | 第31-36页 |
| ·Research questions | 第31页 |
| ·Subjects | 第31-32页 |
| ·Instrument | 第32-36页 |
| ·Questionnaire | 第32页 |
| ·Investigation | 第32-33页 |
| ·Interview | 第33页 |
| ·Data analysis | 第33-36页 |
| Chapter Five Results and Discussion | 第36-57页 |
| ·Results of questionnaire | 第36-41页 |
| ·Differences between CC and CC* | 第41-48页 |
| ·Differences between PC and PC* | 第48-53页 |
| ·Differences between CC* and PC* | 第53-54页 |
| ·Differences between AC and EC | 第54-55页 |
| ·Summary of the major findings of the present thesis | 第55-57页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusions | 第57-62页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第57-59页 |
| ·Implications for English learning and teaching | 第59-60页 |
| ·Limitations and suggestions for future research | 第60-62页 |
| References | 第62-66页 |
| Appendix 1: pre-task questionnaires | 第66-68页 |
| Appendix 2: topics for the subjects to make presentation | 第68-69页 |
| Appendix 3 retrospective questions | 第69-70页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第70页 |
