| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| Abstract in Chinese | 第5-6页 |
| Abstract in English | 第6-7页 |
| Ⅰ Listening and communication | 第7-13页 |
| ·What's listening? | 第7页 |
| ·The definition of listening and its research development | 第7-8页 |
| ·The relationship between listening and communication | 第8-9页 |
| ·Listening modes and how to be an effective listener | 第9-13页 |
| ·The three basic listening modes | 第9页 |
| ·Possible benefits in active listening | 第9-10页 |
| ·Sources of difficulty by the speaker | 第10页 |
| ·Sources of difficulty by the listener | 第10页 |
| ·Listening tips for active listening | 第10-11页 |
| ·How attentive listening is acquired? | 第11-12页 |
| ·How effective listening is acquired during communication? | 第12-13页 |
| Ⅱ The process of English listening | 第13-16页 |
| ·The introduction of listening process | 第13-14页 |
| ·How listening process works and listening strategies | 第14-16页 |
| Ⅲ Decoding messages: perception and listening | 第16-22页 |
| ·The process by which people decode messages is active, creative and 0highly selective | 第16页 |
| ·Three steps in decoding messages | 第16-17页 |
| ·The skills involved in listening | 第17-19页 |
| ·The way to cope with listening comprehension in teaching and learning | 第19-22页 |
| Ⅳ Psychological mechanism of listening | 第22-35页 |
| ·Brief introduction to psycholinguistics and its relationship with listening | 第22页 |
| ·Listening comprehension process as human information processing process | 第22-30页 |
| ·Summary | 第30-32页 |
| ·The nature of listening process | 第32-34页 |
| ·Listening in practice | 第34-35页 |
| Ⅴ Listening comprehension and its cognitive solutions | 第35-40页 |
| ·Introduction | 第35-36页 |
| ·The cognitive elements in listening comprehension | 第36-38页 |
| ·Listening comprehension and its cues | 第38页 |
| ·The application of multimedia in learning especially in listening comprehension | 第38-40页 |
| Ⅵ The approaches to teach and improve English listening in class | 第40-46页 |
| ·Effective top-down processing in listening | 第40-41页 |
| ·How to activate students' prior knowledge | 第41-45页 |
| ·Word association tasks | 第41页 |
| ·Warm-up exercises (another pre-listening activity) in English listening class | 第41-45页 |
| ·Making list of possibilities/ideas/suggestions | 第45页 |
| ·Why are these activities important? | 第45页 |
| ·What influences our choice of top-down activities? | 第45-46页 |
| ·Summary | 第46页 |
| Ⅶ Conclusion | 第46-51页 |
| Bibliography | 第51-53页 |
