| Abstract | 第4-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-13页 |
| Introduction | 第13-19页 |
| 0.1 Research Background | 第13-14页 |
| 0.2 Research Methods | 第14-15页 |
| 0.3 Language Materials and Research Significance | 第15-16页 |
| 0.4 Organization of the Thesis | 第16-19页 |
| Chapter One Literature Review | 第19-31页 |
| 1.1 Previous Studies on EMs | 第19-25页 |
| 1.1.1 Previous Studies on EMs from Traditional Grammar | 第19-20页 |
| 1.1.2 Previous Studies on EMs from Generative Grammar | 第20-24页 |
| 1.1.3 Previous Studies on EMs from Cognitive Grammar | 第24-25页 |
| 1.2 Previous studies on CMs | 第25-29页 |
| 1.2.1 Previous Studies on CMs from Traditional Grammar | 第25-26页 |
| 1.2.2 Previous Studies on CMs from Generative Grammar | 第26-27页 |
| 1.2.3 Previous Studies on CMs from Cognitive Grammar | 第27-29页 |
| 1.3 Summary | 第29-31页 |
| Chapter Two Theoretical Foundations | 第31-43页 |
| 2.1 Linguistic Typology | 第31-36页 |
| 2.1.1 Connotation of Linguistic Typology | 第31-33页 |
| 2.1.2 Implicational Universals | 第33-35页 |
| 2.1.3 Grammatical Hierarchies | 第35-36页 |
| 2.2 Prototype Theory | 第36-39页 |
| 2.2.1 Classical Theory | 第36-37页 |
| 2.2.2 Family Resemblances | 第37-38页 |
| 2.2.3 Modern Prototype Theory | 第38页 |
| 2.2.4 Application of Prototype Theory | 第38-39页 |
| 2.3 Figure-Ground Theory | 第39-41页 |
| 2.3.1 Origin of Figure-Ground Theory | 第39-40页 |
| 2.3.2 Connotation of Figure-Ground Theory | 第40-41页 |
| 2.3.3 Application of Figure-Ground Theory | 第41页 |
| 2.4 Summary | 第41-43页 |
| Chapter Three Grammatical Characteristics of EMs and CMs | 第43-83页 |
| 3.1 Componential Elements of EMs and CMs | 第43-58页 |
| 3.1.1 Subjects of EMs and CMs | 第43-48页 |
| 3.1.2 Middle Verbs of EMs and CMs | 第48-52页 |
| 3.1.3 Modifiers of EMs and CMs | 第52-58页 |
| 3.2 Forms of EMs and CMs | 第58-74页 |
| 3.2.1 Forms of EMs | 第59-66页 |
| 3.2.2 Forms of CMs | 第66-74页 |
| 3.3 Forms of Middles in other Languages | 第74-81页 |
| 3.3.1 Forms of Middles in SVO | 第75-77页 |
| 3.3.2 Forms of Middles in SOV | 第77-80页 |
| 3.3.3 Forms of Middles in VSO | 第80-81页 |
| 3.4 Summary | 第81-83页 |
| Chapter Four Typological Characte ristics of EMs and CMs | 第83-123页 |
| 4.1 Componential Co-occurrence of Implicational Universals in EMs and CMs | 第83-91页 |
| 4.1.1 Componential Co-occurrence of Implicational Universals in EMs | 第83-87页 |
| 4.1.2 Componential Co-occurrence of Implicational Universals in CMs | 第87-90页 |
| 4.1.3 Comparison of Componential Co-occurrence of Implicational Universals in EMs and CMs | 第90-91页 |
| 4.2 Grammatical Hierarchies in EMs and CMs | 第91-108页 |
| 4.2.1 Grammatical Hierarchies in EMs | 第91-98页 |
| 4.2.2 Grammatical Hierarchies of CMs | 第98-105页 |
| 4.2.3 Comparison of Grammatical Hierarchies of EMs and CMs | 第105-108页 |
| 4.3 Typological Characteristics of Middles in other Languages | 第108-121页 |
| 4.3.1 Typological Characteristics of Middles in SVO | 第109-118页 |
| 4.3.2 Typological Characteristics of Middles in SOV | 第118-121页 |
| 4.4 Summary | 第121-123页 |
| Chapter Five Cognitive Analysis of Typological Characteristics of EMs and CMs | 第123-147页 |
| 5.1 Prototypical Analysis of Typological Characteristics of EMs and CMs | 第123-132页 |
| 5.1.1 Prototypical Analysis of Typological Characteristics of EMs | 第123-128页 |
| 5.1.2 Prototypical Analysis of Typological Characteristics of CMs | 第128-132页 |
| 5.2 Figure-ground Analysis of Typological Characteristics of EMs and CMs | 第132-144页 |
| 5.2.1 Figure-ground Analysis of Typological Characteristics of EMs | 第132-139页 |
| 5.2.2 Figure-ground Analysis of Typological Characteristics of CMs | 第139-144页 |
| 5.3 Summary | 第144-147页 |
| Conclusion | 第147-153页 |
| Bibliography | 第153-161页 |
| Language Materials | 第161-165页 |
| Abbreviations | 第165-167页 |
| Appendix | 第167-169页 |
| Acknowledgments | 第169-173页 |
