| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-9页 |
| Contents | 第9-12页 |
| List of Figures, Tables and Graphs | 第12-13页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第13-14页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第14-18页 |
| ·Background of the Research | 第14-15页 |
| ·Purpose and Significance of the Study | 第15-16页 |
| ·Organization of the Thesis | 第16-18页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第18-30页 |
| ·A Renew of Cognitive Linguistics | 第18-24页 |
| ·Researches in Cognitive Linguistics Abroad | 第19-23页 |
| ·Prototype Theory | 第19-20页 |
| ·Image Schema Theory | 第20-22页 |
| ·Trajector-Landmark Theory | 第22-23页 |
| ·Researches in Cognitive Linguistics at Home | 第23-24页 |
| ·Cognitive Studies on Spatial Prepositions | 第24-27页 |
| ·Cognitive Studies on Spatial Prepositions Abroad | 第24-26页 |
| ·Cognitive Studies on Spatial Prepositions at Home | 第26-27页 |
| ·Corpus-Based Studies on Spatial Prepositions | 第27-29页 |
| ·Corpus-Based Studies on Spatial Prepositions Abroad | 第27-28页 |
| ·Corpus-Based Studies on Spatial Prepositions at Home | 第28-29页 |
| ·Summary | 第29-30页 |
| Chapter Three Methodology | 第30-41页 |
| ·Research Questions | 第30-31页 |
| ·Data Source and Instruments | 第31-35页 |
| ·Corpora Employed | 第31-34页 |
| ·WECCL 2.0 | 第31-33页 |
| ·LOCNESS | 第33页 |
| ·COCA | 第33-34页 |
| ·Tools Employed | 第34-35页 |
| ·Research Procedures | 第35-39页 |
| ·Corpora Selection:WECCL-E,LOCNESS-A and COCA-A | 第35-37页 |
| ·Data Collection | 第37-38页 |
| ·Data Classification | 第38-39页 |
| ·Data Processing | 第39页 |
| ·Summary | 第39-41页 |
| Chapter Four Results and Discussion | 第41-59页 |
| ·Overall Distribution of by in WECCL-E and LOCNESS-A | 第41-43页 |
| ·Analysis of the Use of by's Spatial Sense between CES and NES | 第43-46页 |
| ·Analysis of the Spatial Sense of by | 第43-45页 |
| ·Comparison of the Use of by's Spatial Sense between CES and NES | 第45-46页 |
| ·Analysis of the Use of by's Metaphorical Extensions between CES and NES | 第46-53页 |
| ·Analysis of the Metaphorical Extensions of by | 第46-49页 |
| ·Comparison of the Use of by's Metaphorical Extentions between CES and NES | 第49-53页 |
| ·General Distribution of Metaphorical Extentions of by across Two Corpora | 第49-50页 |
| ·Comparison between CES and NES in the Use of Mode and Target Domain | 第50-53页 |
| ·Comparison of Metaphorical Using Features of by in Four Grades of CES | 第53-56页 |
| ·Potential Explanation for the Results | 第56-58页 |
| ·Summary | 第58-59页 |
| Chapter Five Conclusion | 第59-63页 |
| ·Summary of the Major Findings | 第59-60页 |
| ·Implications of the Study | 第60-61页 |
| ·Limitations of the Study and Suggestions for Future Studies | 第61-63页 |
| Works Cited | 第63-68页 |
| Publications | 第68页 |
