| Acknowledgement | 第5-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| Abstract | 第7页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第10-14页 |
| 1.1 Brief Introduction of TOEFL Test and TOEFL Writing | 第10-11页 |
| 1.2 Statement of Problems | 第11页 |
| 1.3 Importance of the study | 第11-12页 |
| 1.4 Thesis Structure | 第12-14页 |
| 2. Theoretical Foundation of the Study | 第14-22页 |
| 2.1 Language Transfer Theory | 第14-16页 |
| 2.1.1 Origin and Classification of Language Transfer | 第14-15页 |
| 2.1.2 Syntax Transfer in English Writing | 第15-16页 |
| 2.2 Contrastive Analysis Theory | 第16页 |
| 2.3 Approaches to Foreign Language Writing | 第16-20页 |
| 2.3.1 Three Main Approaches to Writing Teaching | 第16-19页 |
| 2.3.2 The Disadvantages of the Three Approaches | 第19-20页 |
| 2.4 The Relationship between Translation and Writing | 第20页 |
| 2.5 The Benefits of Using Translation in Writing Teaching | 第20-22页 |
| 3. E-C and C-E Long Sentence and Sentence Group Translation | 第22-30页 |
| 3.1 Definitions of Long Sentences and Sentence Groups | 第22-23页 |
| 3.2 Benefits of Long Sentence and Sentence Group Translation Exercise in Writing Teaching | 第23页 |
| 3.3 Syntactic Differences between Chinese and English Long Sentences and Sentence Groups | 第23-26页 |
| 3.3.1 English-Hypotaxis vs. Chinese-Parataxis | 第23-24页 |
| 3.3.2 English-Synthetic vs. Chinese-Analytic | 第24-25页 |
| 3.3.3 English-Substitution vs. Chinese-Repetition | 第25页 |
| 3.3.4 English-Subject-prominence vs. Chinese-Topic-prominence | 第25-26页 |
| 3.4 Translation Techniques of Long Sentences and Sentence Groups between English and Chinese | 第26-30页 |
| 3.4.1 The E-C Translation Techniques of Long Sentences and Sentence Groups | 第26-28页 |
| 3.4.2 The C-E Translation Techniques of Long Sentences and Sentence Groups | 第28-30页 |
| 4. Methodology | 第30-37页 |
| 4.1 The Background to TOEFL Independent Writing | 第30-31页 |
| 4.2 Research Questions | 第31页 |
| 4.3 Participants | 第31-32页 |
| 4.4 Instruments | 第32页 |
| 4.5 Experiment Design | 第32-35页 |
| 4.5.1 Pretest | 第32-33页 |
| 4.5.2 Teaching Process | 第33-35页 |
| 4.5.3 Posttest | 第35页 |
| 4.6 Data Collection and Analysis | 第35-37页 |
| 5. Results and Discussions | 第37-42页 |
| 5.1 Scores of Experimental Class and Control Class in Pretest | 第37页 |
| 5.2 Scores of Experimental Class in both Pretest and Posttest | 第37-38页 |
| 5.3 Scores of Control Class in both Pretest and Posttest | 第38-39页 |
| 5.4 Scores of Experimental Class and Control Class in Posttest | 第39-40页 |
| 5.5 Interview Results | 第40-42页 |
| 6. Conclusion | 第42-44页 |
| 6.1 Major Findings and Discussions | 第42页 |
| 6.2 Implications | 第42-43页 |
| 6.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research | 第43-44页 |
| Bibliography | 第44-46页 |
| Appendix | 第46-47页 |
