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Ecological Factors in Bilingual Development

Abstract第8页
Chapter 1:Introduction第17-23页
    1.1 Background第17-18页
    1.2 Statement of the problem第18-19页
    1.3 Main question第19页
    1.4 Aim of study第19页
    1.5 Significance of this paper第19-23页
Chapter 2:Ecological theory第23-29页
    2.1 What is Ecological theory?第23-24页
    2.2 Microsytem第24-25页
    2.3 Mesosystem第25页
    2.4 Exosystem第25页
    2.5 Macrosystem第25-26页
    2.6 Chronosystem第26-29页
Chapter 3:Language第29-41页
    3.1 What is Language?第29页
    3.2 Structure of language第29-30页
    3.3 Link between language and cognition第30-32页
    3.4 Neurological basis of language第32-35页
        3.4.1 The cellular level第32-33页
        3.4.2 The structural level第33-35页
            3.4.2.1 Lateralization of language第33-34页
            3.4.2.2 Localization of language第34-35页
    3.5 Language development milestones第35-41页
        3.5.1 Crying第35-36页
        3.5.2 Cooing第36页
        3.5.3 Babbling第36页
        3.5.4 Two-syllable utterances第36页
        3.5.5 One-word stage第36-37页
        3.5.6 Two-word stage (Telegraphic speech)第37页
        3.5.7 Rapid burst of vocabulary第37页
        3.5.8 Adult-like morpho-syntax第37-41页
Chapter 4:Bilingualism第41-67页
    4.1 What is Bilingualism?第41-42页
    4.2 Types of bilingualism第42-48页
        4.2.1 Bilingualism by linguistic factors第42-46页
            4.2.1.1 Bilingualism by degree of proficiency第42-43页
            4.2.1.2 Bilingualism by the type of proficiency第43页
            4.2.1.3 The 3-D model of degree-type interaction of bilingual proficiency第43-44页
            4.2.1.4 Bilingualism by the subtype of proficiency第44-45页
            4.2.1.5 Bilingualism by the nature of interaction第45页
            4.2.1.6 The 3-D model of nature-proficiency subtype of bilinguals第45-46页
        4.2.2 Bilingualism by psychosocial factors第46-47页
            4.2.2.1 Bilingualism by cognitive organization第46-47页
            4.2.2.2 Bilingualism by motivational factors第47页
            4.2.2.3 Bilingualism by socio-cultural factors第47页
        4.2.3 Bilingualism by age of development第47-48页
    4.3 What is Bilingual Education?第48-51页
        4.3.1 Types of bilingual programs第48-51页
            4.3.1.1 Monolingual forms of bilingual education第49页
            4.3.1.2 Weak forms of bilingual education第49-50页
            4.3.1.3 Strong forms of bilingual education第50-51页
    4.4 Myths about bilingualism第51-54页
        4.4.1 The roots of concerns about bilingualism第53-54页
    4.5 Facts about bilingualism第54-67页
        4.5.1 Linguistic differences between bilinguals and monolinguals第56-59页
            4.5.1.1 Language acquisition differences第56-57页
            4.5.1.2 Language processing differences第57-58页
            4.5.1.3 Metalinguistic differences第58-59页
        4.5.2 Cognitive differences between bilinguals and monolinguals第59-63页
            4.5.2.1 Bilingualism and executive function第60-62页
            4.5.2.2 Bilingualism and aging第62-63页
        4.5.3 Neurophysiologic differences between bilinguals and monolinguals第63-67页
            4.5.3.1 Bilingualism and Hemispheric dominance第63页
            4.5.3.2 Bilingualism and Neuronal activity第63-64页
            4.5.3.3 Bilingualism and Structural change第64-67页
Chapter 5:Ecological Perspectives on Bilingualism第67-95页
    5.1 Individual factors第67-79页
        5.1.1 The effect of Age第67-72页
            5.1.1.1 The critical age view第68-69页
            5.1.1.2 Children versus adults bilingualism第69-72页
            5.1.1.3 The implication of findings第72页
        5.1.2 Gender factor第72-76页
            5.1.2.1 Gender-Peers interaction第73-74页
            5.1.2.2 Gender and Education第74-75页
            5.1.2.3 Gender-Job interaction第75页
            5.1.2.4 Gender-Culture interaction第75-76页
        5.1.3 Language Impairments第76-79页
            5.1.3.1 Innate impairments第76-77页
            5.1.3.2 Acquired impairments第77-79页
    5.2 Primary environmental factors第79-85页
        5.2.1 Family第79-83页
            5.2.1.1 Parental language choice and strategy第79-82页
            5.2.1.2 Family's socio-economic status第82-83页
        5.2.2 Peers第83-84页
        5.2.3 School第84-85页
            5.2.3.1 Ups and downs of bilingual programs第84-85页
            5.2.3.2 Affective factors第85页
    5.3 Secondary environmental factors第85-88页
        5.3.1 Government's law and policy第86-88页
        5.3.2 Media第88页
    5.4 Social and cultural factors第88-91页
    5.5 Aspect of time第91-95页
Chapter 6:Conclusion,Limitation,and Recommendation第95-106页
    6.1 Summary and Conclusion第96-99页
    6.2 Practical Guidelines第99-102页
        6.2.1 For parents第99-100页
        6.2.2 For schools第100-101页
        6.2.3 For clinical settings第101页
        6.2.4 For researchers第101-102页
        6.2.5 For policymakers第102页
    6.3 Limitations of this paper第102-103页
    6.4 Future Recommendation第103-106页
References第106-112页
Acknowledgement第112页

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