| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第5-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-9页 |
| ChapterⅠ. Introduction | 第9-14页 |
| ·Why is it Necessary to Study the L2 Acquisition of Mandarin Tones? | 第9-11页 |
| ·Mandarin Chinese as a Foreign Language | 第9-10页 |
| ·Tone in Mandarin Chinese | 第10-11页 |
| ·The Significance of this Study | 第11-12页 |
| ·The Structure of this Study | 第12-13页 |
| ·Hypotheses of this Study | 第13-14页 |
| ChapterⅡ. Literature Review | 第14-28页 |
| ·A Sketch of Mandarin Tones | 第14-19页 |
| ·Tone Languages and the Four Mandarin Tones | 第14-16页 |
| ·Difficulties in Learning Mandarin Tones for Foreign Speakers | 第16-19页 |
| ·Effects of L1 Background on L2 Speech Acquisition | 第19-26页 |
| ·Transfer | 第19-21页 |
| ·Effects of L1 Background on the Perception of L2 Speech | 第21-23页 |
| ·Effects of L1 Background on the Production of L2 Speech | 第23-26页 |
| ·Suggestions to Remedy the Difficulties in Learning Mandarin Tones | 第26-27页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第27-28页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ. Experiment I: Mandarin Tone Perception | 第28-38页 |
| ·Participants | 第28-29页 |
| ·Materials | 第29-30页 |
| ·Procedure | 第30-31页 |
| ·Results | 第31-34页 |
| ·Percentage of Correct Scores | 第31-32页 |
| ·Tonal Confusions | 第32-34页 |
| ·Analysis and Discussion | 第34-36页 |
| ·Comparison between Mandarin Learners at Different Levels | 第34-36页 |
| ·Comparison between Mandarin Learners with Different L1 Backgrounds | 第36页 |
| ·Explanations of the Results | 第36-38页 |
| Chapter Ⅳ. Experiment Ⅱ: Mandarin Tone Production | 第38-49页 |
| ·Participants | 第38-39页 |
| ·Materials | 第39-40页 |
| ·Procedure | 第40-41页 |
| ·Results | 第41-44页 |
| ·Percentage of Correct Scores | 第41-42页 |
| ·Tonal Confusions | 第42-44页 |
| ·Analysis and Discussion | 第44-46页 |
| ·Comparison between Mandarin Learners at Different Levels | 第44-45页 |
| ·Comparison between Mandarin Learners with Different L1 Backgrounds | 第45-46页 |
| ·Explanations of the Results | 第46-49页 |
| Chapter Ⅴ. Conclusions | 第49-53页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第49-50页 |
| ·Suggestions on Teaching Mandarin Tone to Foreign Learners | 第50-51页 |
| ·Limitations of this Study | 第51-53页 |
| References | 第53-56页 |
| Appendix 1 | 第56-59页 |
| Appendix 2 | 第59-60页 |
| Appendix 3 | 第60-61页 |
| Appendix 4 | 第61-65页 |
