| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-8页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-10页 |
| List of Acronyms | 第10-11页 |
| List of Tables | 第11-18页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第18-32页 |
| ·TEM4 and TEM8 in China | 第18-25页 |
| ·An overview of TEM4 and TEM8 | 第18-21页 |
| ·An overview of current listening comprehension parts of TEM4 and TEM8 | 第21-24页 |
| ·TEM4 and TEM8 listening test validation study | 第24-25页 |
| ·Description of the thesis study | 第25-32页 |
| ·Purpose and scope of the study | 第25-27页 |
| ·The research questions | 第27页 |
| ·Study methods | 第27-28页 |
| ·Study results | 第28-29页 |
| ·Structure of the dissertation | 第29-32页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review | 第32-78页 |
| ·Language competence | 第32-44页 |
| ·Classical UCH versus MCH | 第33-34页 |
| ·Varying definitions of language proficiency | 第34-35页 |
| ·The influence of pedagogic approaches on the interpretation of language competence | 第35-38页 |
| ·Some recent frameworks of communicative competence | 第38-44页 |
| ·Listening competence | 第44-52页 |
| ·Major listening situations and their classifications | 第44-47页 |
| ·Listening comprehension as hypothesized processes | 第47-50页 |
| ·Buck’s framework of listening ability | 第50-52页 |
| ·Two supplementary points about listening comprehension | 第52-58页 |
| ·The passive and active natures of listening comprehension | 第52-55页 |
| ·Macro- and micro-listening skills involved in listening comprehension | 第55-58页 |
| ·Listening comprehension testing: pre-World War II period | 第58-64页 |
| ·The three major approaches to language testing | 第59-60页 |
| ·Earlier listening comprehension testing in the U.S. | 第60-63页 |
| ·Earlier listening comprehension testing in the U.K. | 第63-64页 |
| ·Listening comprehension testing: post-World War II period | 第64-70页 |
| ·Overseas studies | 第65-68页 |
| ·Studies in China | 第68-70页 |
| ·Progress in listening comprehension testing: after the 1980s | 第70-76页 |
| ·Progress made in people’s knowledge about listening competence | 第71-72页 |
| ·A framework for listening comprehension | 第72-75页 |
| ·Progress made in theories concerning the effect of test method | 第75-76页 |
| ·Formats of listening comprehension sub-tests in some famous English proficiency tests | 第76-77页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第77-78页 |
| Chapter 3 A Tentative Analysis of and Comment on TEM4 and TEM8 Listening Comprehension Test Papers in Use | 第78-97页 |
| ·Test authenticity | 第79-84页 |
| ·TEM4 and TEM8 item type analysis | 第84-85页 |
| ·TEM4 and TEM8 listening test content analysis | 第85-90页 |
| ·TEM4 and TEM8 test task analysis | 第90-92页 |
| ·Comments on the test papers in use | 第92-97页 |
| ·The positive side of the papers and their beneficial backwash on pedagogy | 第92-94页 |
| ·The imperfections of the papers and their detrimental backwash on pedagogy | 第94-97页 |
| Chapter 4 Listening Needs Analysis | 第97-124页 |
| ·Needs analysis | 第97-100页 |
| ·Important listening domains | 第100-105页 |
| ·Real-life listening situations and tasks | 第105-113页 |
| ·Varieties of English language | 第107-109页 |
| ·The matter of accents | 第109-113页 |
| ·Correspondence between test tasks and real-life listening activities | 第113-122页 |
| ·Seeking correspondence between the test taker’s psychological state and that of the non-test taker’s | 第115-118页 |
| ·The test taker’s anxiety under pressure | 第115-116页 |
| ·Some practical and feasible pressure-busters | 第116-118页 |
| ·Seeking correspondence between the test language and the real-life language | 第118-120页 |
| ·Seeking correspondence between test tasks and real-life listening activities | 第120-122页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第122-124页 |
| Chapter 5 Revised Test Specifications for TEM Listening Sub-tests | 第124-140页 |
| ·Test Specifications | 第124-126页 |
| ·Original test specifications for TEM4 listening sub-test | 第126-127页 |
| ·Revised test specifications for TEM4 listening sub-test | 第127-132页 |
| ·Original test specifications for TEM8 listening sub-test | 第132-134页 |
| ·Revised test specifications for TEM8 listening sub-test | 第134-139页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第139-140页 |
| Chapter 6 The Experimental Test and the Results Analysis | 第140-153页 |
| ·Two assumptions to be tested | 第140-141页 |
| ·Construction of the experimental test | 第141-142页 |
| ·Administration of the experimental test | 第142-144页 |
| ·Test results analysis | 第144-147页 |
| ·The T test results | 第144-145页 |
| ·Facility value and discrimination power analysis | 第145-147页 |
| ·Questionnaire survey | 第147-151页 |
| ·Purpose | 第147-148页 |
| ·Construction of the questionnaire survey | 第148-149页 |
| ·Framework of the questionnaire survey | 第149页 |
| ·The informants’ responses to the questionnaires | 第149-151页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第151-153页 |
| Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations | 第153-162页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第153-156页 |
| ·Recommendations for TEM listening sub-tests | 第156-162页 |
| Appendixes | 第162-199页 |
| Appendix 1.1 Scripts of TEM4-2001 and TEM8-2001 Listening Sub-tests | 第162-178页 |
| Appendix 2.1 Taxonomies of Listening Skills | 第178-185页 |
| Appendix 2.2 The Criteria for Listening Comprehension in HSK | 第185-186页 |
| Appendix 2.3 Major Overseas Listening Comprehension Test Formats | 第186-189页 |
| Appendix 2.4 Major Domestic Listening Comprehension Test Formats | 第189-191页 |
| Appendix 4.1 英语专业学生英语听力问卷调查 | 第191-194页 |
| Appendix 4.2 英语专业学生英语听力问卷调查 | 第194-197页 |
| Appendix 6.1 专业英语四级听力考试(实验卷)学生问卷调查表 | 第197-198页 |
| Appendix 6.2 专业英语四级听力考试(实验卷)教师问卷调查表 | 第198-199页 |
| Bibliography | 第199-211页 |
