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Doum(Hyphaene Thebaica)水果及其膳食纤维的理化,营养,功能性和抗氧化特性及其在烘焙产品中的应用

Acknowledgements第6-11页
List of Abbreviations第11-18页
Abstract第18-21页
摘要 (Chinese abstract)第22-25页
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW第25-59页
    1.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION第25-26页
    1.2. Significance of the research topic第26-27页
    1.3. Objectives of the research第27页
        1.3.1. The general objectives of this study were:第27页
        1.3.2. The specific objectives of this study were:第27页
    1.4. Literature review第27-49页
        1.4.1. Doum Palm第27-33页
        1.4.2. Antioxidant activities第33-36页
        1.4.3. Functional foods第36页
        1.4.4. Dietary fiber第36-46页
        1.4.5. Bread第46-48页
        1.4.6. Influence of the incorporation of fibers in biscuit第48-49页
    1.5. References第49-59页
CHAPTER 2 Physicochemical, Nutritional, Functional and Structural Properties of the Epicarp, Flesh and Pitted sample ofDoum fruit (Hyphaene thebaica)第59-91页
    2.1. Introduction第59-61页
    2.2. Materials and Methods:第61-66页
        2.2.1 Materials第61-62页
        2.2.2 Methods第62-66页
    2.3. Results and Discussion第66-84页
        2.3.1. Proximate composition第66-67页
        2.3.2. Dietary fiber content第67-68页
        2.3.3. Mineral elements composition第68-70页
        2.3.4. Amino acid composition第70-72页
        2.3.5. Fatty acid composition第72-73页
        2.3.6. Monosaccharide and total sugar content第73-74页
        2.3.7. Vitamin content第74-75页
        2.3.8. Volatile compounds第75-81页
        2.3.9. Color measurements第81页
        2.3.10. Bulk density第81-82页
        2.3.11. Functional properties第82-83页
        2.3.12. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)第83-84页
    2.4. Conclusion第84-85页
    2.5. References第85-91页
CHAPTER 3 Effect of Extraction Method and Solvent Power on Polyphenol and Flavonoid Levels in Doum (HyphaeneThebaica L.) Fruit, and its Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities第91-108页
    3.1. Introduction第91-92页
    3.2. Experimental第92-96页
        3.2.1. Sample preparation第92页
        3.2.2. Chemicals第92-93页
        3.2.3. Extraction process第93页
        3.2.4. Total phenolic content第93页
        3.2.5. Total Flavonoid Content第93-94页
        3.2.6. Determination of the Reducing Power第94页
        3.2.7. β-Carotene bleaching assays第94页
        3.2.8. DPPH free radical scavenging assay第94-95页
        3.2.9. Analysis of Phenolic Acids第95-96页
        3.2.10. Assessment of antibacterial activity第96页
        3.2.11. Statistical analysis第96页
    3.3. Results and discussion第96-103页
        3.3.1. Total phenolic content (TPC)第96-97页
        3.3.2. Total flavonoid content (TFC)第97页
        3.3.3. Antioxidant properties第97-101页
        3.3.4. Phenolic acid content第101-102页
        3.3.5. Antibacterial activity第102-103页
    3.4. Conclusion第103-104页
    3.5. References第104-108页
CHAPTER 4 Combined effects of extraction and grinding technologies on physico-chemical, structural and antioxidantproperties of dietary fiber from Doum (Hyphaene thebaica L.) fruit第108-135页
    4.1. Introduction第108-109页
    4.2. Materials and Methods第109-116页
        4.2.1. Materials第109页
        4.2.2. Chemicals第109页
        4.2.3. Dietary fiber isolation第109-111页
        4.2.4. Micronization of the Doum dietary fiber第111页
        4.2.5. Proximate composition第111页
        4.2.6. Dietary fiber content (DFC)第111页
        4.2.7. Determination of Insoluble Dietary fiber (IDF) fractions第111-112页
        4.2.8. Monosaccharides analysis第112页
        4.2.9. Particle size distribution第112页
        4.2.10. Physicochemical properties第112-114页
        4.2.11. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)第114页
        4.2.12. Fourier transform-infra red spectroscopy (FTIR)第114页
        4.2.13. X-ray diffraction (XRD)第114页
        4.2.14. Thermal analysis第114-115页
        4.2.15. Extraction of antioxidant from Doum DFs第115页
        4.2.16. Determination of Total phenolic content (TPC)第115页
        4.2.17. Antioxidant activity第115-116页
    4.3. Results and Discussion第116-130页
        4.3.1. Proximate composition第116-118页
        4.3.2. IDF fractions第118-119页
        4.3.3. Monosaccharides第119-120页
        4.3.4. Particle size distributions第120-121页
        4.3.5. Physicochemical properties of Doum DFs第121-123页
        4.3.6. SEM第123-124页
        4.3.7. FTIR第124-125页
        4.3.8. XRD第125-127页
        4.3.9. DSC第127-128页
        4.3.10. Antioxidant properties第128-130页
    4.4. Conclusions第130页
    4.5. Reference第130-135页
CHAPTER 5 Influence of Doum (Hyphaene thebaica L.) flour addition on dough mixing properties, bread quality andantioxidant potential第135-156页
    5.1. Introduction第135-136页
    5.2. Materials and Methods第136-140页
        5.2.1. Materials第136页
        5.2.2. Dough characteristics第136-137页
        5.2.3. Bread making第137页
        5.2.4. Instrumental analyses第137页
        5.2.5. Hunter color values of bread crumb and crust第137-138页
        5.2.6. Sensory evaluation第138页
        5.2.7. Chemical analysis第138页
        5.2.8. Extraction process第138页
        5.2.9. Determination of total phenolic content (TPC)第138-139页
        5.2.10. Determination of total flavonoid content (TFC)第139页
        5.2.11. Antioxidant activities第139-140页
        5.2.12. Statistical analysis第140页
    5.3. Results and Discussion第140-151页
        5.3.1. Effect of DFF incorporation on dough farinograph properties第140-142页
        5.3.2. Extensograph properties of composite Doum-wheat flours第142-143页
        5.3.3. Influence of DFF incorporation on bread texture第143-144页
        5.3.4. Influence of DFF incorporation on loaf characteristics第144-145页
        5.3.5. Influence of DFF incorporation on color properties of breads第145-146页
        5.3.6. Sensory analysis第146-147页
        5.3.7. Chemical composition of DFF-WF composite breads第147-149页
        5.3.8. TPC, TFC and antioxidant properties of DFF-WF (flour and bread)第149-151页
    5.4. Conclusions第151-152页
    5.5. References第152-156页
CHAPTER 6 Influence of dietary fiber from Doum (Hyphaene Thebaica L.) on the rheological characteristics of wheat flourdough and on biscuit quality第156-173页
    6.1. Introduction第156-157页
    6.2. Experimental第157-160页
        6.2.1. Materials第157页
        6.2.2. Dough characteristics第157页
        6.2.3. Preparation of biscuits第157-158页
        6.2.4. Evaluation of biscuits第158-159页
        6.2.5. Proximate composition第159-160页
        6.2.6. Determination of TPC and antioxidant activities第160页
    6.3. Results and Discussion第160-168页
        6.3.1. Influence of DDF on dough farinograph properties第160-161页
        6.3.2. Influence of DDF powder on the physical characteristics of biscuits第161-162页
        6.3.3. Color of biscuits第162-164页
        6.3.4. Sensory evaluation of biscuits第164-165页
        6.3.5. Nutrient composition of biscuits第165-167页
        6.3.6. TPC and free radical scavenging activity as determined by ABTS and DPPH·-SE (EC50) ofDDF enriched biscuits第167-168页
    6.4. Conclusions第168-169页
    6.5. References第169-173页
General Conclusions and Recommendations第173-176页
    General conclusions第173-174页
    Keys innovations第174-175页
    Recommendations第175-176页
Appendices第176-180页
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS第180页

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