| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第8-9页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第9页 |
| 摘要 | 第10-11页 |
| CONTENTS | 第11-14页 |
| LIST OF TABLES | 第14-15页 |
| Chapter I INTRODUCTION | 第15-19页 |
| 1.1 Research Background | 第15-16页 |
| 1.2 Research Questions | 第16-17页 |
| 1.3 Research Methods | 第17页 |
| 1.4 Overview of the Thesis | 第17-19页 |
| Chapter II LITERATURE REVIEW | 第19-26页 |
| 2.1 Previous Contrastive Studies on Reference | 第19-21页 |
| 2.2 Translation and Translation Studies on Reference | 第21-25页 |
| 2.2.1 Translation Strategies for Reference | 第21-24页 |
| 2.2.2 Translation Studies on Reference | 第24-25页 |
| 2.3 Summary | 第25-26页 |
| Chapter III Theoretical Framework | 第26-34页 |
| 3.1 Basic Concepts in Reference | 第26-28页 |
| 3.1.1 Definition of Reference | 第26-27页 |
| 3.1.2 Categories of Reference | 第27-28页 |
| 3.2 A Brief Introduction to Contrastive Functional Analysis | 第28-29页 |
| 3.3 Major Concepts in Contrastive Functional Analysis | 第29-31页 |
| 3.3.1 Similarities and Equivalence | 第29-30页 |
| 3.3.2 Comparability Criterion and Similarity Constraints | 第30-31页 |
| 3.4 Application of Contrastive Functional Analysis to the Translation of Reference | 第31-34页 |
| 3.4.1 Reference as a Perceived Similarity | 第31-32页 |
| 3.4.2 Different Forms of Reference and the Selection of Its Translation Strategies | 第32页 |
| 3.4.3 Procedures of Contrastive Functional Analysis on Reference | 第32-34页 |
| Chapter IV THE TRANSLATION OF REFERENCE | 第34-68页 |
| 4.1 Analysis on Similarities and Differences of Reference between English and Chinese | 第34-49页 |
| 4.1.1 Personal Reference | 第34-41页 |
| 4.1.2 Demonstrative Reference | 第41-47页 |
| 4.1.3 Comparative Reference | 第47-49页 |
| 4.2 The Translation of Personal Reference | 第49-58页 |
| 4.2.1 Preservation of the Original Third Person Pronoun | 第49-51页 |
| 4.2.2 Omission of the Third person Pronoun | 第51-54页 |
| 4.2.2.1 Omission of Third Person Reference Functioning as Subject | 第51-53页 |
| 4.2.2.2 Omission of Third Person Pronoun Functioning as Modifier | 第53-54页 |
| 4.2.3 Repetition and Addition of the Personal Reference | 第54-55页 |
| 4.2.4 The Translation of “it” with Non-equivalent | 第55-58页 |
| 4.2.4.1 Omission | 第55-56页 |
| 4.2.4.2 Conversion | 第56-57页 |
| 4.2.4.3 Repetition of the Original Noun | 第57-58页 |
| 4.3 The Translation of Demonstrative Reference | 第58-65页 |
| 4.3.1 The Translation of “this/that” | 第58-62页 |
| 4.3.1.1 Retaining of the Nominal Demonstrative | 第58-60页 |
| 4.3.1.2 Substitution of the Nominal Demonstrative | 第60-62页 |
| 4.3.2 The Translation of “The” | 第62-64页 |
| 4.3.2.1 Substitution of “The” | 第62-63页 |
| 4.3.2.2 Omission of “The” | 第63-64页 |
| 4.3.3 The Translation of “Here/there/then” | 第64-65页 |
| 4.4 The Translation of Comparative Demonstrative | 第65-66页 |
| 4.4.1 The Translation of General Comparison | 第65-66页 |
| 4.4.2 The Translation of Particular Comparison | 第66页 |
| 4.5 Summary | 第66-68页 |
| Chapter V CONCLUSION | 第68-70页 |
| REFERENCES | 第70-74页 |
