| Contents | 第3-5页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第5-6页 |
| Abstracts | 第6页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第7-10页 |
| Chapter 2 Previous Researches on Anaphora | 第10-17页 |
| 2．1 Anaphora and some related concepts | 第10-11页 |
| 2．1．1 Definition | 第10页 |
| 2．1．2 Anaphora, reference and cohesion | 第10-11页 |
| 2．2 Different approaches to anaphora | 第11-13页 |
| 2．3 Cognitive approach | 第13-16页 |
| 2．3．1 Ariel's accessibility theory | 第13-15页 |
| 2．3．2 Cognitive status and Gundel's givenness hierarchy | 第15-16页 |
| 2．4 Comments on these approaches | 第16-17页 |
| Chapter 3 An Overview of Indirect Anaphora | 第17-31页 |
| 3．1 Indirect anaphora | 第17-23页 |
| 3．1．1 Identification of indirect anaphora | 第17-20页 |
| 3．1．1．1 Prior information | 第18-19页 |
| 3．1．1．2 The nature of the antecedent | 第19页 |
| 3．1．1．3 The nature of the relation between the antecedent and the anaphor | 第19-20页 |
| 3．1．2 Type of indirect anaphoric expression | 第20-23页 |
| 3．1．2．1 Definite NPs as indirect anaphors | 第21页 |
| 3．1．2．2 Demonstrative NPs as indirect anaphors | 第21-22页 |
| 3．1．2．3 Pronouns as indirect anaphors | 第22-23页 |
| 3．2 Indirect anaphoric relation | 第23-27页 |
| 3．2．1 Part-whole relationship | 第25-26页 |
| 3．2．2 Event-outcome relationship | 第26-27页 |
| 3．3 Metonymy and indirect anaphora | 第27-29页 |
| 3．3．1 Metonymy | 第27-28页 |
| 3．3．2 Interaction between metonymies and indirect anaphora | 第28-29页 |
| 3．4 Differences between direct anaphora and indirect anaphora | 第29-31页 |
| Chapter 4 Previous Studies on Indirect Anaphora Resolution | 第31-47页 |
| 4．1 Validation model | 第31-32页 |
| 4．2 Cognitive model | 第32-44页 |
| 4．2．1 Language, meaning, reference and world | 第32-36页 |
| 4．2．1．1 The nature of language | 第32-33页 |
| 4．2．1．2 Reference, meaning and world | 第33-36页 |
| 4．2．2 Mental representation | 第36-37页 |
| 4．2．3 Knowledge-based approaches to indirect anaphora resolution | 第37-44页 |
| 4．2．3．1 Semantic network model | 第38-41页 |
| 4．2．3．2 Frame-based model | 第41-44页 |
| 4．2．3．2．1 Anaphoric grounding | 第41-42页 |
| 4．2．3．2．2 Interpretation of indirect anaphoric expression within frame model and activation theory | 第42-44页 |
| 4．3 The pragmatic study of indirect anaphora | 第44-45页 |
| 4．4 The inadequacies of traditional approaches to indirect anaphora | 第45-47页 |
| Chapter 5 Integrated Cognitive Theory to Indirect Anaphora | 第47-59页 |
| 5．1 Introduction | 第47页 |
| 5．2 Some important assumptions to indirect anaphora | 第47-48页 |
| 5．2．1 Inference | 第47页 |
| 5．2．2 Frames | 第47-48页 |
| 5．3 Conceptual integration theory | 第48-52页 |
| 5．3．1 Introduction | 第48-49页 |
| 5．3．2 Integration network model | 第49页 |
| 5．3．3 General process of conceptual integration | 第49-52页 |
| 5．4 An integrated model | 第52-53页 |
| 5．5 Applications in the resolution of indirect anaphora | 第53-59页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion | 第59-61页 |
| Bibliography | 第61-64页 |
