| Acknowledgements | 第1-7页 |
| Abstract | 第7-9页 |
| 内容提要 | 第9-16页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第16-25页 |
| ·Preliminary Remarks | 第16页 |
| ·Two Mainstream Approaches to Scalar Implicature | 第16-18页 |
| ·The Neo-Gricean Approach | 第16-18页 |
| ·The Post-Gricean Approach | 第18页 |
| ·Rationale of the Present Research | 第18-21页 |
| ·Objectives of the Current Research | 第21页 |
| ·Significance of the Current Research | 第21-22页 |
| ·Layout of the Dissertation | 第22-25页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第25-41页 |
| ·Introduction | 第25页 |
| ·The Gricean Framework of Meaning Classification | 第25-26页 |
| ·Grice's Theory of Implicatures:The Cooperative Principle | 第26-28页 |
| ·Two Mainstream Approaches to Scalar Implicature | 第28-37页 |
| ·The Neo-Gricean Approach | 第28-33页 |
| ·Horn's Proposal | 第28-30页 |
| ·Hirschberg's Proposal | 第30-31页 |
| ·Levinson's Q-based Proposal | 第31-33页 |
| ·The Post-Gricean Approach | 第33-37页 |
| ·Interim Summary | 第37页 |
| ·Scalar Implicatures in Experimental Pragmatics | 第37-38页 |
| ·Problems with the Previous Accounts | 第38-40页 |
| ·Summary | 第40-41页 |
| Chapter Three Theoretical Framework | 第41-62页 |
| ·Introduction | 第41-42页 |
| ·Empirical Observation | 第42-45页 |
| ·Cognitive Orientation | 第45-59页 |
| ·Conceptual Scales | 第45-48页 |
| ·Pragmatic Scales as Conceptual Scales | 第48-50页 |
| ·Scalar Models | 第50-55页 |
| ·One-dimensional Scalar Model | 第51页 |
| ·Two-dimensional Scalar Model | 第51-54页 |
| ·An Example of Multi-dimensional Scalar Model | 第54-55页 |
| ·Two Properties of Scalar Models | 第55-56页 |
| ·Four Major Kinds of Scalar Logic | 第56-59页 |
| ·Pragmatic Constraints on Scalar Implicatures | 第59-61页 |
| ·Summary | 第61-62页 |
| Chapter Four Scalar Implicatures via Polarity Items | 第62-109页 |
| ·Introduction | 第62-63页 |
| ·Polarity Sensitivity of Polarity Items | 第63-67页 |
| ·Polarity Items | 第64-66页 |
| ·Polarity Context | 第66-67页 |
| ·The Semantic Approaches to Polarity Items | 第67-74页 |
| ·Affectivity as Downward Entailment:Ladusaw(1979) | 第68-70页 |
| ·Affectivity as Negation:Baker(1970) and Linebarger(1980) | 第70-74页 |
| ·Scalar Model of Polarity Items(SMP) | 第74-95页 |
| ·The Journey Through the Study of Scalar Model | 第74-79页 |
| ·Ducrot and Fauconnier | 第75-77页 |
| ·Kay | 第77-78页 |
| ·Fillmore, Kay and O'Connor(FKO) | 第78-79页 |
| ·The Initial SMP | 第79-85页 |
| ·Two Scalar Properties of the SMP | 第79-82页 |
| ·Four Types of PIs | 第82-85页 |
| ·Comments on the Initial SMP | 第85-86页 |
| ·The Revised SMP | 第86-88页 |
| ·Comparison Between the Initial SMP and the Revised SMP | 第88-89页 |
| ·Cognitive Understanding of the Revised SMP | 第89-94页 |
| ·Thematic Roles | 第90页 |
| ·Propositional Roles and Cognitive Schemata | 第90-94页 |
| ·Comments on the Revised SMP | 第94-95页 |
| ·Merits: | 第94-95页 |
| ·Demerits:Three Untouched Issues | 第95页 |
| ·Supplements to the Revised SMP | 第95-108页 |
| ·The Pragmatic Constraints on the Revised SMP | 第95-101页 |
| ·The Pragmatic Felicity Condition for Scalar Reasoning | 第95-96页 |
| ·The General Principle of Scalar Reasoning | 第96-100页 |
| ·The Pragmatic Constraints on the Revised SMP | 第100-101页 |
| ·Solutions to the Three Untouched Issues | 第101-108页 |
| ·The Insights from Relevance Theory | 第101-103页 |
| ·Solutions | 第103-108页 |
| ·Summary | 第108-109页 |
| Chapter Five Scalar Implicatures via Even as a Scalar Operator | 第109-144页 |
| ·Introduction | 第109-110页 |
| ·A General Survey of Previous Studies on Even | 第110-132页 |
| ·The Argumentative Approach to Even | 第110-111页 |
| ·The Semantic Approaches to Even | 第111-118页 |
| ·Existential Account | 第111-114页 |
| ·Universal Account | 第114-117页 |
| ·Francescotti's View | 第117-118页 |
| ·The Pragmatic Approaches to Even | 第118-124页 |
| ·The Conventional Implicature of Even | 第118-121页 |
| ·The Conversational Implicature of Even | 第121-124页 |
| ·The Scalar Approaches to Even | 第124-132页 |
| ·Scalar Operators and Scalar Models | 第125-126页 |
| ·Fauconnier's "End-of-Scale" Account:Merits and Demerits | 第126-129页 |
| ·Kay's Scalar Account:Merits and Demerits | 第129-132页 |
| ·A Dynamic Cognitive-pragmatic Approach to Even | 第132-143页 |
| ·Relevance-oriented Procedural Meaning of Even | 第133-136页 |
| ·Relevance-theoretic View of Communication | 第133-135页 |
| ·A Procedural Meaning of Even | 第135-136页 |
| ·Ad hoc Pragmatic Scales and the Dynamic Scalar Interpretation of Even-sentences | 第136-143页 |
| ·Ad hoc Pragmatic Scales | 第136-140页 |
| ·Even-sentence Interpretation Along Ad hoc Pragmatic Scales | 第140-143页 |
| ·Summary | 第143-144页 |
| Chapter Six Scalar Implieatures via Hyperbolic Metaphors | 第144-183页 |
| ·Introduction | 第144-145页 |
| ·Hyperbolic Metaphors and Their Classifications | 第145-147页 |
| ·Definition of Hyperbolic Metaphors | 第146页 |
| ·Two Types of Hyperbolic Metaphors | 第146-147页 |
| ·Class-inclusion Theory and Novel Hyperbolic Metaphors | 第147-154页 |
| ·Identification of Novel Metaphors | 第147-148页 |
| ·The Standard Pragmatic Theory of Metaphor Comprehension | 第148-149页 |
| ·Class-inclusion Theory of Metaphor Comprehension | 第149-154页 |
| ·Scalar Implicatures of Hyperbole | 第154-159页 |
| ·Two Basic Computational Rules for Scalar Implicature | 第154-156页 |
| ·The Great Chain of Being | 第156-158页 |
| ·Lovejoy(1936) | 第156-157页 |
| ·Lakoff and Turner(1989) | 第157-158页 |
| ·Scalar Implicature of Hyperbole | 第158-159页 |
| ·Scalar Implicature of Novel Hyperbolic Metaphors | 第159-167页 |
| ·Construction of Ad hoc Categories and Ad hoc Pragmatic Scales | 第159-162页 |
| ·Ad hoc Categories | 第159-160页 |
| ·Typicality in Ad hocCategories | 第160-161页 |
| ·Ad hoc Pragmatic Scales | 第161-162页 |
| ·Scalar Implicature of Novel Hyperbolic Metaphors | 第162-167页 |
| ·Novel Hyperbolic Metaphors for Positive Comments | 第162-165页 |
| ·Novel Hyperbolic Metaphors for Negative Comments | 第165-167页 |
| ·Revisiting Glucksberg's Classic Examples | 第167页 |
| ·Scalar Implicature of Conventionalized Hyperbolic Metaphors | 第167-181页 |
| ·Drawbacks of Lakoff et al's Conceptual Metaphor Theory | 第168-169页 |
| ·Counterfactual Thinking | 第169-170页 |
| ·Scalar Implicature of Conventionalized Hyperbolic Metaphors | 第170-181页 |
| ·Some Examples | 第170-172页 |
| ·Five Sub-types of Scalar Implicatures via Conventionalized Hyperbolic Metaphors | 第172-181页 |
| ·Summary | 第181-183页 |
| Chapter Seven Conclusion | 第183-191页 |
| ·Introduction | 第183页 |
| ·Summary of the Major Findings | 第183-186页 |
| ·Findings Relating to the Extended Theory of Scalar Implicatures | 第184-185页 |
| ·Findings Concerning the Applications of the Extended Theory of Scalar Implicatures | 第185-186页 |
| ·Practical Implications of the Current Research | 第186-188页 |
| ·Limitations of the Current Research | 第188-189页 |
| ·Limitations in the Source of Data | 第188页 |
| ·Limitations in the Explications of the Findings | 第188-189页 |
| ·Suggestions for Further Study | 第189-191页 |
| References | 第191-200页 |
