| Acknowledgements | 第1-11页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第11-17页 |
| 1．1 Significance of the study | 第11页 |
| 1．2 Definition of key words and terms | 第11-15页 |
| 1．2．1 Culture | 第11-12页 |
| 1．2．2 Foreignization versus domestication | 第12-13页 |
| 1．2．3 Culture-loaded elements translation or cultural translation | 第13页 |
| 1．2．4 Functional equivalence and dynamic equivalence | 第13-15页 |
| 1．2．5 Componential analysis | 第15页 |
| 1．3 Rationale for the present study | 第15-16页 |
| 1．4 Research questions | 第16页 |
| 1．5 Objectives of the present study | 第16-17页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第17-30页 |
| 2．1 General introduction | 第17-18页 |
| 2．2 Culture-loaded elements in translation | 第18-20页 |
| 2．2．1 Definition of culture-loaded elements | 第18页 |
| 2．2．2 Significance of the culture-loaded elements to translation | 第18-19页 |
| 2．2．3 Categorization of culture-loaded elements | 第19-20页 |
| 2．3 Previous studies on culture-loaded elements translation | 第20-25页 |
| 2．3．1 Different approaches towards culture-loaded translation | 第20-21页 |
| 2．3．2 Static research of the translation product | 第21-23页 |
| 2．3．3 Dynamic research of the translating process | 第23-25页 |
| 2．4． Relevant studies on translation equivalence effect | 第25-27页 |
| 2．4．1 Definitions of equivalence effect | 第25页 |
| 2．4．2 Different perspectives towards equivalence | 第25-27页 |
| 2．5 Relevant studies on translation strategies and techniques | 第27-29页 |
| 2．6 Summary | 第29-30页 |
| Chapter Three Theoretical Framework of the Study | 第30-34页 |
| 3．1． Peter Newmark's categorization of cultural elements | 第30-31页 |
| 3．2 Equivalence effect as translation principle and criterion | 第31-32页 |
| 3．2．1 Equivalence as translation strategic principle | 第31页 |
| 3．2．2 Equivalence as cultural translation criterion | 第31-32页 |
| 3．3 Limitation of equivalence effect | 第32-33页 |
| 3．4 Summary | 第33-34页 |
| Chapter Four Research Design | 第34-38页 |
| 4．1 Working procedures | 第35-36页 |
| 4．2 Data collection | 第36页 |
| 4．3 Comparative methods | 第36-37页 |
| 4．4 Summary | 第37-38页 |
| Chapter Five Comparative Studies of Culture-loaded Elements Translation between Two Versions | 第38-79页 |
| 5．1 Ecology | 第38-45页 |
| 5．1．1 Plants | 第39-41页 |
| 5．1．2 Animals | 第41-43页 |
| 5．1．3 Environment | 第43-45页 |
| 5．2 Material culture | 第45-51页 |
| 5．2．1 Food, drink and living habits | 第45-46页 |
| 5．2．2 Houses and towns | 第46-51页 |
| 5．3 Social culture-work and leisure | 第51-64页 |
| 5．3．1 Addressing terms and names of people | 第51-56页 |
| 5．3．2 Religion | 第56-61页 |
| 5．3．3 Religion reflected in their way of thinking and acting,and language | 第61-62页 |
| 5．3．4 Mythology and folktales as reflected through their language | 第62-64页 |
| 5．4 Administration | 第64页 |
| 5．5 Currency and Measurement | 第64-65页 |
| 5．6 Colors | 第65页 |
| 5．7 Characteristics of their languages | 第65-77页 |
| 5．7．1 Fang's frequent use of four-lettered words | 第65-66页 |
| 5．7．2 Vividness, adherence and smoothness in Fang's translation | 第66-67页 |
| 5．7．3 Differences in rhetoric | 第67-69页 |
| 5．7．4 Fang's employment of footnotes | 第69-74页 |
| 5．7．5 Non-standard language of Yang | 第74-76页 |
| 5．7．6 the extent of domestication | 第76-77页 |
| 5．8 Other factors that conditioned | 第77-78页 |
| 5．8．1 Translator's pre-knowledge | 第77页 |
| 5．8．2Translator 's subject consciousness | 第77-78页 |
| 5．8．3 Realization of translator's readership | 第78页 |
| 5．8．4 Loss and distortion | 第78页 |
| 5．9 Conclusion | 第78-79页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusion | 第79-83页 |
| 6．1 Analysis of the questionnaire | 第79-81页 |
| 6．2 Findings and conclusions | 第81-82页 |
| 6．3 Limitations of the present study | 第82页 |
| 6．4 Suggestions for relevant study and research in the future | 第82-83页 |
| Appendix | 第83-90页 |
