| Abstract | 第3页 |
| 摘要 | 第4-7页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第7-12页 |
| 1.1 Background of the Study | 第7-9页 |
| 1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Study | 第9-10页 |
| 1.3 Structure of the Thesis | 第10-12页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第12-33页 |
| 2.1 Key Concepts | 第12-16页 |
| 2.1.1 Psychological Factors | 第12-13页 |
| 2.1.2 American Modern Sitcoms | 第13-16页 |
| 2.2 Relevant Theories | 第16-23页 |
| 2.2.1 Psychological Mechanism of Metaphorical Understanding | 第16-18页 |
| 2.2.2 Pragmatic Theories of Metaphors | 第18-23页 |
| 2.3 Retrospect of Research on Metaphors in American Sitcoms | 第23-33页 |
| 2.3.1 Study at Home | 第23-28页 |
| 2.3.2 Study Abroad | 第28-33页 |
| Chapter Three Methodology | 第33-35页 |
| 3.1 Research Methods | 第33页 |
| 3.2 Data Collection | 第33页 |
| 3.3 Data Analysis | 第33-35页 |
| Chapter Four The Psychological Analyses of Metaphors in Friends | 第35-61页 |
| 4.1 Influences of Individual Personalities on Metaphors in Friends | 第35-52页 |
| 4.1.1 Influences of Freud's Ego-defense Mechanism on Metaphors | 第35-42页 |
| 4.1.2 Influences of Reality and Ideal on Metaphors | 第42-49页 |
| 4.1.3 Reflection of Individual Complicated Characters through Metaphors | 第49-52页 |
| 4.2 Effects of Life and Values Views on Metaphors in Friends | 第52-57页 |
| 4.2.1 Impact of Alfred Adler’s Perfectionism on Metaphorical Expressions | 第52-54页 |
| 4.2.2 Effect of Values on Metaphorical Expressions | 第54-57页 |
| 4.3 Influences of Emotions on Metaphors in Friends | 第57-61页 |
| 4.3.1 Influence of Positive Emotions on Metaphors | 第57-58页 |
| 4.3.2 Effects of Negative Emotions on Metaphorical Expressions | 第58-61页 |
| Chapter Five Pragmatic Functions of Metaphors in Friends | 第61-65页 |
| 5.1 To Reach Ambiguous Purpose | 第61-62页 |
| 5.2 To Reach Humorous Effects | 第62-63页 |
| 5.3 To Improve Speech Influence | 第63-65页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusion | 第65-69页 |
| 6.1 Major Findings | 第65-66页 |
| 6.2 Implications | 第66页 |
| 6.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research | 第66-69页 |
| References | 第69-71页 |
| Appendixes | 第71-73页 |
| Achievements in Scientific Research during the Period of Study for MA | 第73-75页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第75页 |
