| Declaration | 第1-4页 |
| Abstract | 第4-5页 |
| Acknowledgments | 第5-6页 |
| General transcription conventions | 第6-10页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第10-16页 |
| 1．1 The significance of the study | 第10-11页 |
| 1．2 The definition of key words | 第11-13页 |
| 1．2．1 What are Self-Repairs | 第12-13页 |
| 1．2．2 Self-Repairs and other Repairs | 第13页 |
| 1．3 Rationale | 第13-14页 |
| 1．4 Objective of the present study | 第14-15页 |
| 1．5 The outline of the thesis | 第15-16页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review | 第16-30页 |
| 2．1 General introduction | 第16页 |
| 2．2 Definition of Repair and description of the Repair phenomena | 第16-22页 |
| 2．2．1 Definition of Repair | 第16-17页 |
| 2．2．2 Repair and correction | 第17-18页 |
| 2．2．3 Repairs and linguistic competence | 第18-19页 |
| 2．2．4 Repairs of NS/NNS and NNS/NNS | 第19-20页 |
| 2．2．5 Types of Repairs | 第20-22页 |
| 2．3 Previous studies on Repair phenomena | 第22-28页 |
| 2．3．1 The relevant study on language learning | 第22-24页 |
| 2．3．2 The conversation analysis approach | 第24-25页 |
| 2．3．3 Approach to communicative rules | 第25-26页 |
| 2．3．4 The psycholinguistic approach | 第26-27页 |
| 2．3．5 The related study on syntax | 第27-28页 |
| 2．4 The present study | 第28-30页 |
| Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework of the Study | 第30-37页 |
| 3．1 A brief introduction to Adaptation Theory | 第30页 |
| 3．2 The use of theory from the pragmatic perspective | 第30-32页 |
| 3．2．1 Repairs as linguistic choices | 第31页 |
| 3．2．2 The levels of choices as Adaptation | 第31-32页 |
| 3．2．3 Existing problems in the previous approaches | 第32页 |
| 3．3 Repairs as means to realize Adaptability | 第32-34页 |
| 3．3．1 Repairs as Adaptation to contextual correlates | 第32-33页 |
| 3．3．2 Structural objects of Adaptability | 第33页 |
| 3．3．3 Dynamics of Adaptability | 第33-34页 |
| 3．3．4 Salience of the Adaptation processes | 第34页 |
| 3．4 Repairs as communicative strategy | 第34-35页 |
| 3．5 Research questions | 第35页 |
| 3．6 The theoretical framework of this research | 第35-36页 |
| 3．7 The classification of Repair Strategies | 第36-37页 |
| Chapter 4 Data Collection and Research Methodology | 第37-41页 |
| 4．1 Data collection | 第37页 |
| 4．2 The qualitative method | 第37-39页 |
| 4．2．1 Recording and transcription | 第37-38页 |
| 4．2．2 Corpus of conversation | 第38-39页 |
| 4．3 The quantitative method | 第39-40页 |
| 4．3．1 Questionnaire | 第39页 |
| 4．3．2 Subjects | 第39页 |
| 4．3．3 Instruments | 第39-40页 |
| 4．4 A description of the analytical work | 第40-41页 |
| Chapter 5 The Analysis of Repair Strategies in Spontaneous Conversations | 第41-63页 |
| 5．1 Introduction | 第41-42页 |
| 5．2 Repairs made as Adaptation to the linguistic factors | 第42-45页 |
| 5．2．1 Repairs adapted to lexical errors | 第42-43页 |
| 5．2．2 Repairs adapted to grammatical errors | 第43-44页 |
| 5．2．3 Repairs adapted to phonological errors | 第44-45页 |
| 5．2．4 Repairs adapted to refine language | 第45页 |
| 5．3 Repairs made as Adaptation to the contextual influences | 第45-52页 |
| 5．3．1 Introduction | 第45-47页 |
| 5．3．2 Repairs adapted to expect the unprompted answer | 第47-48页 |
| 5．3．3 Repairs adapted to euphemism | 第48-49页 |
| 5．3．4 Repairs adapted to pragmatic appropriateness | 第49-50页 |
| 5．3．5 Repairs adapted to invite addressee's inferences | 第50-51页 |
| 5．3．6 Repairs adapted to political settings | 第51-52页 |
| 5．4 Repairs made as Adaptation to the psychological motivations | 第52-56页 |
| 5．4．1 Introduction | 第52页 |
| 5．4．2 Understanding of psychological motivation | 第52-53页 |
| 5．4．3 Repairs adapted to forewarn upcoming adjustment | 第53-54页 |
| 5．4．4 Repairs adapted to abandon unnecessary message | 第54-55页 |
| 5．4．5 Repairs adapted to imply unexpected changes | 第55页 |
| 5．4．6 Repairs adapted to attend to addressee's agreement | 第55-56页 |
| 5．5 Repairs made as Adaptation to the Cooperative Principle | 第56-59页 |
| 5．5．1 Introduction to Cooperative Principle | 第56-57页 |
| 5．5．2 Repairs adapted to clarify ambiguity / Maxim of manner and quality | 第57-59页 |
| 5．5．3 Repairs adapted to make the answer more precise / Maxim of quantity | 第59页 |
| 5．6 A brief related statistical study on Repairs | 第59-61页 |
| 5．7 Discussion and summary | 第61-63页 |
| 5．7．1 General reasons for Repairs | 第61-62页 |
| 5．7．1．1 Pressure of time | 第61页 |
| 5．7．1．2 Repairs to simplify the complexity | 第61页 |
| 5．7．1．3 Ignorance towards the addressee's preference | 第61-62页 |
| 5．7．2 Summary | 第62-63页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion | 第63-68页 |
| 6．1 Major findings and conclusion | 第63-64页 |
| 6．2 Implications of the present study | 第64-66页 |
| 6．2．1 Implications for the teaching of ESL oral English classes | 第64-65页 |
| 6．2．2 Implications for business communication | 第65-66页 |
| 6．3 Limitations of the present study and suggestions for further research | 第66-68页 |
| References | 第68-74页 |
| Appendices | 第74-79页 |
| Appendix 1 Excerpted transcripts | 第74-75页 |
| Appendix 2 Questionnaire | 第75-79页 |
