| Abstract | 第11-13页 |
| 摘要 | 第14-19页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第19-21页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第21-30页 |
| 1.1 Background of the Study | 第21-23页 |
| 1.2 Statement of the Problem | 第23-24页 |
| 1.3 Rationale for the Study | 第24-25页 |
| 1.4 Purpose and Method of the Study | 第25-26页 |
| 1.5 Signifucance if the Study | 第26-28页 |
| 1.6 Organization of the Dissertation | 第28-30页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第30-76页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第30页 |
| 2.2 Studies on Chunks in Language Production | 第30-47页 |
| 2.2.1 Definitions of Chunks | 第30-34页 |
| 2.2.2 Defining Criteria of Chunks | 第34-41页 |
| 2.2.3 The Role of Chunks in L1 Acquisition | 第41-43页 |
| 2.2.4 The Role of Chunks in L2 Acquisition | 第43-45页 |
| 2.2.5 The Role of Chunks in Language Pedagogy | 第45-47页 |
| 2.3 Studies on Accuracy in Language Production | 第47-50页 |
| 2.3.1 Definitions of Accuracy | 第47-48页 |
| 2.3.2 Measures for Accuracy | 第48-49页 |
| 2.3.3 Accuracy in Language Pedagogy | 第49-50页 |
| 2.4 Studies on Fluency in Language Production | 第50-57页 |
| 2.4.1 Definitions of Fluency | 第50-53页 |
| 2.4.2 Measures for Fluency | 第53-56页 |
| 2.4.3 Fluency in Linguistic Output | 第56-57页 |
| 2.5 Studies on Complexity in Language Production | 第57-63页 |
| 2.5.1 Definitions of Complexity | 第57-59页 |
| 2.5.2 Measures for Complexity | 第59-61页 |
| 2.5.3 Complexity in Language Pedagogy | 第61-63页 |
| 2.6 Studies on Accuracy,Fluency,and Complexity as a Triad | 第63-64页 |
| 2.7 Studies on Chunk Use and Accuracy,Fluency,and Complexity | 第64-69页 |
| 2.7.1 Chunk Use and Accuracy | 第65-66页 |
| 2.7.2 Chunk Use and Fluency | 第66-68页 |
| 2.7.3 Chunk Use and Complexity | 第68-69页 |
| 2.8 The Working Definitions and Operating Criteria | 第69-74页 |
| 2.8.1 The Working Definition of Chunks | 第69-70页 |
| 2.8.2 The Operating Criteria for Chunk Identification | 第70-72页 |
| 2.8.3 The Measurement of Accuracy | 第72页 |
| 2.8.4 The Measurement of Fluency | 第72-73页 |
| 2.8.5 The Measurement of Complexity | 第73-74页 |
| 2.9 Research Gaps and Research Questions | 第74-75页 |
| 2.10 Chapter Summary | 第75-76页 |
| Chapter Three Methodology | 第76-87页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第76页 |
| 3.2 The Corpus Used in the Study | 第76-77页 |
| 3.3 Tools Used in the Study | 第77-78页 |
| 3.4 Tagging of the Corpus | 第78-83页 |
| 3.4.1 Identification Schemes of the Study | 第78-80页 |
| 3.4.2 Tagging of Chunks | 第80-81页 |
| 3.4.3 Tagging of T-units | 第81-82页 |
| 3.4.4 Tagging of Error-free T-units | 第82-83页 |
| 3.5 Analysis of the Data | 第83-86页 |
| 3.5.1 Analyzing Chunk Use | 第83页 |
| 3.5.2 Analyzing Chunk Use and Accuracy | 第83-84页 |
| 3.5.3 Analyzing Chunk Use and Fluency | 第84-85页 |
| 3.5.4 Analyzing Chunk Use and Complexity | 第85页 |
| 3.5.5 Analyzing Chunk Use and Writing Proficiency | 第85-86页 |
| 3.6 Chapter Summary | 第86-87页 |
| Chapter Four Shared Features in Chunk Use by All Language Groups | 第87-102页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第87页 |
| 4.2 Shared Features in Three Major Categories of Chunks | 第87-89页 |
| 4.3 Shared Features in Using Part-of-speech-based Chunks | 第89-93页 |
| 4.4 Shared Features in Using Preposition-based Chunks | 第93-96页 |
| 4.5 Shared Features in the Use of Clause-based Chunks | 第96-98页 |
| 4.6 The Partially Shared Features in the Use of Verb-based chunks | 第98-100页 |
| 4.7 Chapter Summary | 第100-102页 |
| Chapter Five Discrepancies in Chunk Use Between Language Groups | 第102-115页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第102页 |
| 5.2 Differences in Chunk Use by Total Number | 第102-104页 |
| 5.3 Differences in Chunk Use by Main Category | 第104-105页 |
| 5.4 Differences in the Use of Part-of-speech-based Chunks | 第105-113页 |
| 5.4.1 Differences in the Use of Verb-based Chunks | 第108-111页 |
| 5.4.2 Differences in the Use of Preposition-based Chunks | 第111-113页 |
| 5.5 Differences in the Use of Clause-based Chunks | 第113-114页 |
| 5.6 Chapter Summary | 第114-115页 |
| Chapter Six Chunk Use and the Quality of Writings | 第115-138页 |
| 6.1 Introduction | 第115页 |
| 6.2 Results of the Chinese Language group | 第115-120页 |
| 6.2.1 Chunks Use and Accuracy of Writings by the Chinese Group | 第115-117页 |
| 6.2.2 Chunk Use and Fluency of Writings by the Chinese Group | 第117-119页 |
| 6.2.3 Chunk Use and Complexity of Writings by the Chinese Group | 第119-120页 |
| 6.3 Results of the Spanish Language Group | 第120-124页 |
| 6.3.1 Chunk Use and Accuracy of Writing by the Spanish Group | 第121页 |
| 6.3.2 Chunk Use and Fluency of Writing by the Spanish Group | 第121-122页 |
| 6.3.3 Chunk Use and Complexity of Writing by the Spanish Group | 第122-124页 |
| 6.4 Results of the Arabic Language Group | 第124-131页 |
| 6.4.1 Chunk Use and Accuracy of Writing by the Arabic Group | 第125-127页 |
| 6.4.2 Chunk Use and Fluency of Writing by the Arabic Group | 第127-130页 |
| 6.4.3 Chunk Use and Complexity of Writing by the Arabic Group | 第130-131页 |
| 6.5 Results of the English Language Group | 第131-135页 |
| 6.5.1 Chunk Use and Accuracy of Writing by the Native Group | 第132页 |
| 6.5.2 Chunk Use and Fluency of Writing by the Native Group | 第132-134页 |
| 6.5.3 Chunk Use and Complexity of Writing by the Native Group | 第134-135页 |
| 6.6 Cross-group Comparisons | 第135-136页 |
| 6.7 Chapter Summary | 第136-138页 |
| Chapter Seven Chunk Use and English Writing Proficiency | 第138-163页 |
| 7.1 Introduction | 第138页 |
| 7.2 Results of the Chinese Language Group | 第138-143页 |
| 7.2.1 Chunk Use and Writing Proficiency of the Chinese Group | 第139-141页 |
| 7.2.2 Chunk Use and Proficiency Level of the Chinese Group | 第141-142页 |
| 7.2.3 Differences in Chunk Use by the Chinese of Different Proficiency | 第142-143页 |
| 7.3 Results of the Spanish Language Group | 第143-148页 |
| 7.3.1 Chunk Use and Writing Proficiency of the Spanish Group | 第143-146页 |
| 7.3.2 Chunk Use and Proficienvy Level of the Spanish Group | 第146-147页 |
| 7.3.3 Differences in Chunk Use by the Spanish of Different Proficiency | 第147-148页 |
| 7.4 Results of the Arabic Language Group | 第148-153页 |
| 7.4.1 Chunk Use and Writing Proficiency of the Arabic Group | 第149-151页 |
| 7.4.2 Chunk Use and Proficiency Level of the Arabic Group | 第151-152页 |
| 7.4.3 Differences in Chunk Use by the Arabic of Different Proficiency | 第152-153页 |
| 7.5 Results of the English Language Group | 第153-158页 |
| 7.5.1 Chunk Use and Writing Proficiency of the Native Group | 第154-155页 |
| 7.5.2 Chunk Use and Proficiency Level of the Native Group | 第155-157页 |
| 7.5.3 Differences in Chunk Use by the Native of Different Proficiency | 第157-158页 |
| 7.6 Cross-group Comparisons | 第158-161页 |
| 7.7 Chapter Summary | 第161-163页 |
| Chapter Eight Discussion | 第163-189页 |
| 8.1 Introduction | 第163页 |
| 8.2 Chunks as Part of Natural Language Use | 第163-164页 |
| 8.3 Significant Differences in the Total Number of Chunks | 第164-166页 |
| 8.4 Significant Differences in Verb-based Chunks | 第166-169页 |
| 8.5 Specific Features of Chunk Use by Language Groups | 第169-176页 |
| 8.5.1 Specific Features of Chunk Use by the Chinese Group | 第169-171页 |
| 8.5.2 Specific Features of Chunk Use by the Spanish Group | 第171-173页 |
| 8.5.3 Specific Features of Chunk Use by the Arabic Group | 第173-174页 |
| 8.5.4 Specific Features of Chunk Use by the Native Group | 第174-176页 |
| 8.6 The Role of Chunks in Accuracy,Fluency,and Complexity | 第176-179页 |
| 8.7 The Role of Chunks in Predicting Writing Proficiency | 第179-183页 |
| 8.8 A Hypothetical Hierarchical Model of Chunk Use | 第183-188页 |
| 8.9 Chapter Summary | 第188-189页 |
| Chapter Nine Conclusion | 第189-198页 |
| 9.1 Summary of the Study | 第189-191页 |
| 9.2 Pedagogical Implications | 第191-196页 |
| 9.2.1 Encourage the Learning of High Frequency Chunks | 第191-192页 |
| 9.2.2 Taking L1 Backgrounds into Consideration | 第192页 |
| 9.2.3 Enhancing the Facilitating Role of Chunks in English Writing | 第192-193页 |
| 9.2.4 Adopting Different Strategies for Learners of Different Proficiency | 第193-194页 |
| 9.2.5 Making Good Use of Traditional Chinese Memorization Method | 第194页 |
| 9.2.6 Including the Teaching of Chunks in the Writing Curriculum | 第194-195页 |
| 9.2.7 Making Corpus Available to the Teaching of Chunks in Writing Courses | 第195-196页 |
| 9.3 Limitations of the Study | 第196-197页 |
| 9.4 Suggestions for Future Studies | 第197页 |
| 9.5 Concluding Remarks | 第197-198页 |
| References | 第198-211页 |
| Appendix Ⅰ | 第211-216页 |
| Appendix Ⅱ | 第216-246页 |
| Appendix Ⅲ | 第246-262页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第262-263页 |
| 附件 | 第263页 |
