| Acknowledgements | 第5-6页 |
| Abstract in English | 第6-7页 |
| Abstract in Chinese | 第8-12页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第12-18页 |
| 1.1 Background of the Study | 第12-14页 |
| 1.2 Objectives of the Study | 第14-15页 |
| 1.3 Significance of the Study | 第15-16页 |
| 1.4 Organization of the thesis | 第16-18页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第18-42页 |
| 2.1 Researches on Educational Assessment | 第18-22页 |
| 2.1.1 The Introduction of Educational Assessment | 第18-19页 |
| 2.1.2 The Definition of Formative Assessment | 第19-20页 |
| 2.1.3 The Definition of Summative Assessment | 第20页 |
| 2.1.4 The Distinctions between Formative Assessment and SummativeAssessment | 第20-22页 |
| 2.2 Researches on Formative Assessment | 第22-33页 |
| 2.2.1 Development of Formative Assessment Abroad | 第22-23页 |
| 2.2.2 Development of Formative Assessment at Home | 第23-26页 |
| 2.2.3 Principles of Formative Assessment | 第26-28页 |
| 2.2.4 Characteristics of Formative Assessment | 第28-30页 |
| 2.2.5 Tools of Formative Assessment | 第30-33页 |
| 2.3 Researches on Formative Assessment in English Teaching | 第33-35页 |
| 2.3.1 On Meaning of Formative Assessment and English Teaching | 第33-34页 |
| 2.3.2 On Implementation of Formative Assessment and English Teaching | 第34-35页 |
| 2.3.3 On Theory of Formative Assessment and English Teaching | 第35页 |
| 2.4 Researches on Underachievers | 第35-39页 |
| 2.4.1 Definition of Underachievers | 第35-36页 |
| 2.4.2 Characteristics of Underachievers | 第36-37页 |
| 2.4.3 Causes of Underachievers | 第37-39页 |
| 2.5 Summary | 第39-42页 |
| Chapter Three Theoretical Basis of the Study | 第42-48页 |
| 3.1 The Theory of Multiple Intelligences | 第42-44页 |
| 3.2 Humanism | 第44-45页 |
| 3.3 Constructivism Theory | 第45-46页 |
| 3.4 The Affective Filter Hypothesis | 第46-48页 |
| Chapter Four Research Design | 第48-66页 |
| 4.1 Statement of Research Questions | 第48页 |
| 4.2 Subjects | 第48-49页 |
| 4.3 Instruments | 第49-52页 |
| 4.3.1 Tests | 第49-50页 |
| 4.3.2 Questionnaires | 第50-52页 |
| 4.3.3 Interviews | 第52页 |
| 4.4 Application of Formative Assessment | 第52-61页 |
| 4.4.1 Classroom Observation | 第52-54页 |
| 4.4.2 Self-assessment | 第54-59页 |
| 4.4.3 Peer-assessment | 第59页 |
| 4.4.4 Journals | 第59-60页 |
| 4.4.5 E-portfolios | 第60-61页 |
| 4.5 Research Procedures | 第61-64页 |
| 4.5.1 Before the Experiment | 第61-62页 |
| 4.5.2 During the Experiment | 第62-63页 |
| 4.5.3 After the Experiment | 第63-64页 |
| 4.6 Data Collection and Analysis | 第64-66页 |
| 4.6.1 Data Collection | 第64页 |
| 4.6.2 Data Analysis | 第64-66页 |
| Chapter Five Results and Discussion | 第66-80页 |
| 5.1 Results of the Research | 第66-73页 |
| 5.1.1 Result of Underachievers’ English Learning interests | 第66-69页 |
| 5.1.2 Result of Underachievers’ English Learning Abilities | 第69-71页 |
| 5.1.3 Result of Underachievers’ English Achievements | 第71-73页 |
| 5.2 Discussion on the Research | 第73-80页 |
| 5.2.1 Discussion on Underachievers’ English Interests | 第73-74页 |
| 5.2.2 Discussion on Underachievers’ English Learning Abilities | 第74-78页 |
| 5.2.3 Discussion on Underachievers’ English Achievements | 第78-80页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusions | 第80-86页 |
| 6.1 Major Findings of the Research | 第80-82页 |
| 6.2 Implications of the Research | 第82-84页 |
| 6.3 Limitations of the Research | 第84-85页 |
| 6.4 Suggestions for Future Study | 第85-86页 |
| References | 第86-90页 |
| Appendix Ⅰ Questionnaire | 第90-92页 |
| Appendix Ⅱ Pre-test & Post-test | 第92-100页 |
| Appendix Ⅲ Formative Assessment Tools | 第100-103页 |
| Appendix Ⅳ Original Data of the Research | 第103-105页 |
